The Impact Of Business Decisions With The Collaboration Of...

Title Impact of Business Decisions with the collaboration of Knowledge Management in IT sector Introduction: In the current IT industry, Business decisions are the key factor in this global environment to run companies (Martin, 2009). Most of these requires analysis that was done logically of the available information. Based on the few theories, 47% of the business organizations are worsening due to the inappropriate business decisions (Rà ¡bovà ¡ Hodinka, 2011). Hence Business decisions in the IT companies are to be made in a right path to perform well in this emerging world. Few of the companies were still failing to take the critical business decisions which was already a raised in the past (Hu, Almansoori, Kannan, Azarm, Wang, 2012). In order to make the effective business decisions without any failure right in the future, there must be a process or system to share and manage the information resources within the organization (Lin, Tsai, Wu, 2014). This process must reduce the manpower and also improves the corporate efficiency, effectiveness, innovation and customer services (Danie l Christopher, 2011). This issue can be rectified with the help of Knowledge Management system. Knowledge Management (KM) is described as a systematic process of sharing, reusing and managing the knowledge only when it is made available and recorded (Jashapara, 2005). This helps an organization to gain insight and understanding for own experience (Remus, 2012). Most of the KM activitiesShow MoreRelatedSupply Chain Management Of Interest1244 Words   |  5 PagesThree current positions in supply chain management of interest †¢ Supply chain manager †¢ Regional operations manager †¢ Procurement manager Some of the job titles found from research in the supply chain industry includes: Supply chain analyst Supply chain consultant International supply chain manager Logistics manager Inventory control manager Materials manager Production manager Purchasing manager System support manager Transportation manager Vendor managed inventory coordinator Procurement coordinatorRead MoreKnowledge Management and Electric Learning1462 Words   |  6 Pages â€Æ' INTRODUCTION: Growing competition in a globalising environment marked by cut throat competition has challenged organizations to find an efficient method to allow shared access to the key resources: knowledge, experience and ideas. The combination of knowledge management and electronic learning is a response to this challenge. The use of information and communication technologies as teaching and learning tools is now rapidly expanding into education and e-learning is one of the most popular learningRead MoreGlobal Partnerships : The World Markets Today Are Full Of International Partnerships1156 Words   |  5 Pagesforeign policies, business, and customs. Moreover, cross-cultural partnerships succeed because human resources (HR) have a hand in providing relative information to corporate management in candidate selection. All in all, organizations must analyze factors that drive companies to international alliances, HR contributes sound advice to the executive management team before joining with potential partners, and HR making a move toward decision-making process in partner collaboration. 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The fact is employee productivity can make or break a firm, and a firm staffed with underperforming employees will inevitably fail regardless of the amount invested into business development. Many firms that do recognize the importance of employee productivity oftenRead MoreCoca Cola Knowledge Management1592 Words   |  7 Pagesof the opportunities and challenges that the enterprise might encounter. At the same time consider in detail of the business model and key features of the enterprise and specific details of the knowledge worker roles, and the skills, knowledge, and attributes required for this business to become insurmountable. 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Effective management of all the knowledge produced within an organization is frequently cited as a keyRead MoreMultinational Corporations : Is There A Difference?1442 Words   |  6 PagesMultinational Corporations – Is there a Difference? â€Å"Researchers and theorists suggest that the skills and techniques of a MNC are very different than those of an organization without a global presence.† In any organization, management skills and techniques are increasingly gaining importance. Further, organizational structure facilitates leadership’s ability to adapt in an ever-changing environment, specifically, an environment in which global relations continue to be developed and emphasizedRead MoreVirtual Meetings Case Study for Mis1609 Words   |  7 PagesVIRTUAL MEETINGS: SMART MANAGEMENT Case in Brief: For many businesses, extensive travel is a fact of life. The expenses incurred by business travel have been steadily rising in recent years, primarily due to increasing energy costs. In an effort to reduce travel expenses, many companies, both large and small, are using videoconferencing and Web conferencing technologies. Videoconferencing figures to have an impact on the business world in other ways, as well. More employees maybe able to work closerRead MoreEvaluating Contemporary Views of Leadership1667 Words   |  7 Pagesdebate both in the business world and other areas of the society. Throughout the worlds, there have been as many leadership models as there have been their commentators (Burns amp; Peltason, 1966). Fortunately, psychologists and businesspersons have established useful frameworks that refer to the main ways of leadership. When leaders understand these frameworks, they can develop their approach to leadership, and as a result, become more effective (Crossman, 2010). Business leaders follow the

Rag Pickers in India Free Essays

Sustainability of Human Rights with Special Reference to Child Rights: A Case Study of Rag Pickers in Cuttack City Abstract Dillip Kumar Mallik The discourse on rights is evolving with time. The rights of the Rag Pickers as part of the broad rights discourse have assumed significance in contemporary times. My Ph. We will write a custom essay sample on Rag Pickers in India or any similar topic only for you Order Now D research is located within the rights framework. Rag Pickers are those children we can find out them in railway station, municipality areas, bus stand, industries areas, garbage and household areas with having a heavy gunny bags and collected and sorted: plastic, paper, bottles, bones and metals. Diferent plans outlined by Government Agencies have rolled out government has taken lot of initiative for empowering the childhood. For example, policies like Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan, the free mid-day meal programme and many others have been there for a long tyime. But the question is if they are successful, then why there is early drop out of students and more significantly, why children belonging to poor sections in urban areas have turned into rag pickers. The metro cities have the largest number of rag pickers in the country. It would be difficult to ascribe any particular caste or any other form of identities to these children. The central question of this research is whether Government policies are inadequate to respond the needs and requirements of this group of children. Along with this central question the study also looks at other related questions. Whether the rag pickers belong to marginalised groups? Do these rag pickers constitute a majority of school drop outs? The research revolves round these questions. Some of the key objectives of the research are 1) to study and understand the socio-economic condition of the rag pickers, Second is To know the impact of the rag pickers on the society, Third, to provide proper education as well as health awareness for the children. Fourth, to make assessment the changing behavioural pattern of the children of rag pickers, and finally To improve the nutritional health status of children. The researcher choose Cuttack district of Odisha will the area of study because it is one of the oldest cities, better known as the Business Capital of Orissa. The study was concentrated slums, railway stations, medical, municipality area and most important industrial estates where these children were picking more rag. In the present study the researcher employed interview schedule and group discussion as the tools for data collection. Both primary and secondary sources of data will employ for this research. The primary data are collected from the respondents of Cuttack district of Orissa. The secondary data are based on books, journal, article, guides, magazine, newspaper, and statistical report, published and unpublished document and mostly from internet sources. In the present study the researcher will employ two types of method for data analysis: qualitative and quantitative. Both the methods are correlated with each other, though qualitative method is little prior than quantitative methods. Qualitative method is a raw material for any type research, by which we know the details about the theoretical aspect, but by using of quantitative method we would able to manipulate and evaluate the statistical analysis of the data through the helps of advanced computing package like SPSS. How to cite Rag Pickers in India, Papers

Julius Ceasar Overview Essay Example For Students

Julius Ceasar: Overview Essay SUMMARY:Shakespeares Julius Caesar is the story of the resultingconflicts from the assassination of perpetual dictator and Romanemperor, Julius Caesar. A great friend of Caesar, Mark Antony,comes to the senate to see the dead body of their dictator. Hepretends to not be angry at those who took part in theassassination, and asks to speak at his funeral, a request whichhe is granted. However, after the men leave, he begins a soliloquyin which he suggests that Caesars spirit will take revenge uponhis murderers and invoke a war involving the entire country. Antony begins the revenge of his death by speaking at the funeralabout the wrong done to Caesar, the mans generosity to thepeople, and how Brutus tried to persuade them to believe hisjustification of the murder. The crowd turns to agreement withAntony and then accuse the conspirators of murder. The accusedmen flee, eventually leaving the bounds of the city, and thecitizens leave to loot and burn the houses of the guilty men. The armies of Brutus and Cassius set up camps near another cityand knowing that Antonys soldiers are coming, they decide tomarch toward the enemy at once. The fighting begins with theconfrontation of the two sides, as Cassius and Brutus armiesarrive. Antony and his partner challenge the assassins to fight,and the bloody battle begins. The armies of the conspirators fallinto vulnerability many times, and their side does poorly, losingmany men. Cassius hears mistakenly that one of his importantsoldiers has been captured, loses hope, and commits suicide, whileBrutus feels that his army has been cornered, and throws himselfonto another mans sword, killing himself also. They call off therest of the battle, for Antonys army now had victory over Brutusand Cassius, Caesars murder had been avenged, and order had beenrestored. CHARACTERS:There are a couple of main characters in this story. Caesar iswell liked by the citizens of Rome, yet is a somewhat arrogant manand believes himself to be above everybody else. He is givenpraise often and honored by events such as a holiday in his name. However, several men do not agree that Caesar should have such ahigh title, as they despise his character. These six men conspireto kill the emperor to end what they see as his tyranny andoppression in Rome. A man named Cassius organizes the event, while a powerful figure,Brutus, persuades Caesar to come to the senate, where he is to bekilled. While the emperor argues with one of the conspirators, aman named Casca stabs him in the back, and the other men followand wound him with their swords until he falls to the ground,dead. EVALUATION:In this play, Shakespeare gave morals to the audience about rightand wrong and acting upon ones opinion. He showed that oneshould not bring death to someone else based on their personaldesires, or whether they believe it is in the best interest oftheir society, for they are only one person out of the many whohave a voice. He also implies that if one commits an act of wrong,justified, or not, they can expect to be punished for it by theothers who were hurt by those actions.

Waleed Allohaibi Essays - Protestantism, Christianity,

Waleed Allohaibi German Church of Missouri 10 May 2017 German Church in Missouri According to many people church is simply a building booked for the worship of Allah. Biblical understanding of church is much different. It's derived from the Greek work ekklesia that means assembly or collection of different things. We can't say here we get together for worship only it increases cooperation among the community and promote the welfare. When we analyze in depth we find the deep meaning of church is people not the building. According to different believers it is their house not a simple building about the worship of God. The number of inhabitants in Germany in 1933 was around 60 million. All Germans were Christian, having a place either with the Roman Catholic (ca. 20 million individuals) or the Protestant (ca. 40 million individuals) places of worship. The Jewish people group in Germany in 1933 was under 1% of the aggregate populace of the nation. Hence they all go in different churches and there are many different believes about each. History of each church is enveloped by many interesting event. In the vicinity of 1830 and 1845, approximately 40,000 individuals left Germany every year for America where they joined the westbound development. In 1840 the cooperation of ministers and individuals was sorted out. In 1849, the principal church, St. Paul's in St. Louis, joined the peaceful gathering, the Kirchenverein . In 1847, the Kirchenverein delivered its own Evangelical Catechism, abridged in 1862 by Andreas. The goal was not to force Christian still, small voice at purposes of difference, however to give images to the expression of God, behind which was the truth of God's reclaiming love through Jesus Christ. By 1857, an Agenda (Worship Order) was embraced and in 1862, an Evangelical Hymnal. Among the German workers there were free-speculation pragmatists, who put their expectation in science, training, and culture. A hefty portion of them Deists, they clung to their liberation from the congregation and, feeling edified, rather joined hotels, clubs, and singing social orders. Many were derisive of ministers and houses of worship, contributing unnecessarily to hardship on the wilderness. They were unmoved by the infrequent evangelist who went to their outskirts groups. Nonetheless, when their own particular youngsters hinted at lack of education and irreligion, many were adequately irritated to stretch out cordiality to a very much prepared minister of genuine confidence, who frequently needed to serve a few groups without a moment's delay. In this way German people started their worship in their holy churches formed in various states that include Missouri, California and many others. They started to gain education of their religion and started to preach about their religious believes in all across the world. Asia and Africa was their main target. The Lutheran Church that is also known as Missouri Synod was in German make up just before the World War I. This synod was extended and gains millions of followers in late nineteenth century and in start of twenty century. There are 2.4 million followers of this church. This is not only church but a hub of learning as it owns about ten universities and colleges. LCMS emphasizes greatly on the doctrines of Bible. Its amazing fact is that it operates more than one hundred schools and has the largest school chains in US and Canada. LCMS is trying to spread the love of Christ in all across the world that is changing continually. According to the admin of LCMS in Missouri their main mission is to spread the love of Christ in churches, educational institutes and in all across the globe.

Marx essays

Marx essays In Karl Marxs sociological dissertation The German Ideology he argues that humans by nature are multifaceted and creative beings. In addition to that notion he also believes that people are social beings, having an intrinsic or as he states it a human essence to want to be able to work and live in an environment that will allow them to be collective and productive. Marx feels that when humans are denied any of the above-mentioned areas, which he calls human nature, they are being alienated. His notions of alienation are what drove his work and beliefs. Despite what many think, Marxs Manifesto of the Communist Party and The German Ideology are not as much political theories more than they are social theories. (Class 10/03/00) Marx utilizes the rhetorical strategy of explicit word usage to convey his message of the importance of being creative, multi-faceted and social. Today we see the trend of the temporary or temp workers that are hired by one company to work for another company for short periods of time or until a specific project or season is complete. These temps have the freedom to add variety to what they do by leaving any particular job when they choose, while still having the liberty to move on to another trade; they have the capability of becoming the whole man. (Class 9/26/00) The whole man is what Marx judges as a person who is opportune enough to be able to live their life in terms of his assumptions of human nature. The German Ideology, and Manifesto of the Communist Party, give us insight into why I believe Marx would give positive feedback to the temp worker; focusing on the temps ability to be multi-faceted, creative, and social in their lives. Marx believes that it is important for humans to have the ability to be able to choose their daily work. In &q...

(Pe) Physical Education (Essay, Sac) Training Diary

I designed a training program that i carried out over a 6 week period which aimed at strengthening my upper body and core. I exercised for 60 minutes each day and after ever workout i collected the data and recorded it in a diary which described the exact exercise, number of sets, reps and duration. Before the training program i did a series of post tests which involved a 7 stage ab tests, 1RM bench press and a 1 minute push up test. For the ab test i got to stage 5 which meant i could do 1 sit up and touch my elbows to my knees, with the bench press i could lift a max of 92. kg and with push ups i could do 40 in a minute. After i had finished my program i once again conducted a series of post tests to see how much i had improved. With my ab test i got to stage 6 which meant I could do the same but with a 2. 5kg weight held behind my head, with the bench press i got to 100kgs which is an increase of 7. 5kg and my push up test i got to 47 in a minute. I found that my greatest weekness came from my natural weight tests, with my push ups and sit ups. I belive these were more difficult due to my large weight as i weighted in at 105kg. But after i had finished my program i had put on 3kg due to an increase of muscle mass and a loss of fat. The reason i choose these tests was because they were specific to the exercises i was about to undertake for example with a push up it focuses on the core and all upper body muscles. Before each work out i did a series of proprioceptive neuromuscular facioitation stretches which i held for 6 seconds each stretch and after each workout i did a series of static stretches to help prevent the risk of injury. When i started doing my exercises the energy systems that i used changed between the anaerobic and aerobic energy systems. As i did exercises that invloved 10 reps, fast twitch fibres and a duration of less than 15 seconds i worked anaerobically but when i did my core intival training my body used interplay. As i started out my body was working anaerobically but as my heart rate rose to over 80% max heart rate and the workout went for longer than 2 minutes my body started working aerobically and used slow twitch fibre as well as when my exercise intensified to around 85% max HR the onset of hydrogen ions accumalated in certain muscles due to the inabillity to continue my workout and muscle pump in the active areas. After a couple of weeks of training aerobicaly my muscles got trained to be able to pospone the high accumalation of h+. The reason i choose the exercises i did was because each demonstrated a differnt muscular contraction or a mixture of each. flys, planks, sit-ups and push ups used isometric contractions, biceap curls, bench/chest and shoulder presses used concentric contractions and with pull downs and shoulder pull ups used eccentric contractions. All exercises were specific to the muscular area i was trying to improve, each day i worked on one part of the body for example on a Monday i would focus just on my chest and on a wendsday i would work on my biceps. The reason i choose to do my program like that was because it was easier to remember what area to work on and gave each muscle grouple a huge workout instead of doing 5 different areas each day. With reference to my diary each workout showed progresive overload either with an increase in weigth or frequency and after a day or two i explained how my body showed the signs of delayed onset muscular soreness due to the overload. The only issue i ran into with my workout was that some days i wouldnt have a spotter which made my workouts quiet difficult. After i had finished my six week trainig program my muscular strength had increased dramatically with my biceap strength increased 7. 5kg, chest strength increased 7. kg, core strenght increased 2. 5kg and i was able to dely the onset of hydrogen ions from 25 reps to 35+ reps, etc. The whole process was more than enjoyable. I learnt many different exercises from other experience weight lifters and many pointers to help improve my skills. The program has helped me outside of weight lifting, such as being able to pass and throw further while playing basketball. I might of improved my program by working with a friend to make the work out more enjoyable and to help assist me in lifting.

Global Sluggishness Will Slow US Recovery Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Global Sluggishness Will Slow US Recovery - Essay Example When I was layoff like many other American workers who have been victims of massive layoffs all across the nation I felt very nervous about the financial well being of me and my family. In the past, I felt the government was never there for me, but the new democratic regime seems to really care about my needs. The fiscal policies of the government are including the proactive measure to help alleviate our problems. For example, as I was receiving unemployment benefits I received a letter from the government that my benefits had been extended by an extra 20 weeks which raised the overall total potential timeline to 59 weeks. Those extra weeks sure provided me with much needed financial relief. A friend told me that I am going to be receiving some extra cash reimbursement from the government after I file my tax returns which were an initiative approved by Obama as part of the stimulus economic package. The money the government spent to help the economy were very large figures which altogether surpassed the trillion dollar mark. It was sure a lot of money, but the catastrophic economic situation justified the decision. First of the banking industry was given over $700 billion dollars. I first I thought that the banks that many times deny you a loan now wants us to give them some free money, but when my brother called me to inform me that his second mortgage loan had been denied I knew that the government needs to do something. My brother always pays his bills on time and he has a good steady job. I was actually going to be the beneficiary of a part-time job from that mortgage loan transaction since his plans were to renovate the home. The CEO of Unity Bank, James A. Hughes said â€Å"The capital raised under the Treasury program".

Economics questions Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Economics questions - Assignment Example new or used durable good, the importance of branding and quality in her decision, and her decision to purchase an item that has a warranty or guarantee . A risk-averse customer will trade savings for decreased risk; she will thus be less likely to buy used goods, good she perceives to be of an inferior quality or brand, and more likely to invest in a durable, expensive good which in its price includes a warranty or service guarantee for a period of time. . b. [10 marks] A refrigerator company includes a warranty that provides for free service and repairs during the first two years of ownership of any new refrigerator. The number of reported repairs rises after the warranties are introduced. Explain why this has occurred, referring to both the concepts of moral hazard and adverse selection. This phenomenon can be understood using the concept of moral hazard, in that customers who perceive the warranty to be â€Å"free† or included in the price of the good, might have purchased a refrigerator with or without a warranty, experience the cost of using that warranty once they have purchased the good to be zero. Therefore, problems that might otherwise have been tolerated (such as cosmetic defects), or repaired at the cost of the consumer (such as small parts) are now reportable, warranty-covered repairs. This phenomenon might also be explained by adverse selection, namely that under certain conditions customers and vendors may have differential access to information. Customers may be aware of conditions they intend to expose the refrigerator to (such as extreme heat) that will likely shorten its lifespan or durability, but which the vendor and guarantor of the warranty is unaware of. Customers with such undisclosed intentions may be more drawn to manufacturers offering warranties and thus become over-represented in population of customers once the warranty is introduced. c. [5 marks] In order to solve the problem of excessive repair requests in (b), the

A Birthday Gone Bad Essay Example for Free

A Birthday Gone Bad Essay While I was standing inside the kitchen of my home, preparing the food for my daughter’s twelfth birthday party, I heard the terrible screams of my daughter crying out for help. Without any hesitation at all, I dropped everything in my hands and ran to the back yard where all the guests of the party were at. I found my daughter sitting on the concrete floor next to our hot tub, holding her foot and sobbing in horrible pain. As soon as I sat next to her, she ripped a three prong gardening rake out of the arch in the middle of her left foot. I thought for a moment that I was going to be sick to my stomach. The gardening rake was dirty and rusted, and punctured a deep hole right in the bottom of my daughters left foot. I picked her up and rushed her into the bathroom where I began to clean the wound to the best of my abilities. She started to tell me how she managed to get a rake stuck in the middle of her foot when my husband walked in to the bathroom. He stopped her in the middle of her sentence to examined lesion and agreed with me that she needed to be taken to the hospital incase major damage was done into the inside of her foot. So I rushed her to the nearest emergency room. See more: Ethnic groups and racism essay On our way to the emergency room she was finally able to tell me what had happened to her. My daughter informed me that she was simply jumping outside of the hot tub in the attempt to jump into the pool. However, she failed to notice the gardening rake just lying about on the floor and landed right on it. When we got to the emergency room the doctor quickly informed me that my daughter was going to need tetanus shot to eliminate the risk of major infection. This information completely freaked my daughter out and made her want to leave the hospital that very minute because she was deathly afraid of needles. After some time of convincing, she agreed to hold still for the shot to be administered. After the shot was given the doctor ordered a MRI and an x-ray of my daughters’ foot to see if there was any damage done. When the results came in the doctor informed me that when she ripped the rake out of her foot, she managed to rip multiple ligaments and tendons inside of her foot. The only way to completely heal her foot was to put her in a leg cast that went all the way up to her knee and leave in on for four weeks. By the time the doctor had finished putting the cast on, she was already complaining about having to use crutches and how everyone at school was going to make fun of her. When we got home my daughter had just had it with the day. It was suppose to be a great day and it so quickly turned into an ugly day. Nobody wants to spend their birthday in the hospital. Unfortunately for my daughter, she is one of the unlucky ones who has unexpected things happen to them in the blink of an eye.

The United States vs. Mexico Essay -- essays papers

The United States vs. Mexico After an eleven-year war to free itself from Spanish colonial control, Mexico had won but in a sense lost greatly. In 1821, she had to begin the long struggle to rebuild an economic, social, and political stability for the huge mass it now controlled. This area included present day Mexico and what is now known as Texas, New Mexico, Utah, Nevada, Arizona, California and part of Colorado. â€Å"The new republic became submerged in a â€Å"system of institutionalized disorder† that propelled it â€Å"from crisis to crisis.† Consequently; the process of state- building in nineteenth-century Mexico remained incomplete when the United States confronted the young republic with war in 1846.† ( Santoni,p.1) The growing United States colonial elite, in a race for land had developed an expansionist fever, which grew them greedy for land. â€Å"For expansion was so rationionalized that it seemed at the outset a right, and soon, long before the famous phrase itself coined, a manifest destiny†(Weinberg pg.12). They had killed/ drove millions of native from their lands as a result of this fever. As was a apparent with the actions of Henry Harrison years before the war, â€Å" his tactics were simple; get them drunk and promise the chiefs annuities if they signed† in his heart Harrison believed in the concept that another age would describe as â€Å"Manifest Destiny† (Leckie pg.153) This phrase to which â€Å"mural ideology was the partner of self- interest in the intimate alli...

Malard Manufactoring Essay

1. The balance of the structure in Malard Manufacturing is very flat and horizontal, and basically has very little vertical structure at all. Julie Crandell who is the executive vice president, likes to keep very tight control among the organisation in which she controls. Julie demands that department managers check with her before any significant decision are made or changed, by doing this Julie has made her span of control too big for her to handle in the due time she has to complete it by, it’s become very difficult for Julie as she has to deal with new inexperienced department managers, who are becoming uncommunicative and frustrated with each other. Vertical organisational structure means a strict top down structure. Typically this structure has been a favored form for many business and other types of organisations. In such an organisation, the chain of command is usually very important and must be followed. In faster moving, dynamic conditions, a vertical organizational structure can become very inefficient, for example, requiring decisions to slowly go through many people along the vertical chain of command before actions can be made by those who need permission to act. Horizontal organizational structure means a flat or closer to flat organizational. In a perfectly horizontal structure, there are no leaders, so usually this means a structure that is still vertical, but has been made more horizontal than what is typically referred to as vertical, Julie’s structure for example. In general, any large organizational structure has both vertical and horizontal aspects to it and depending on whether it is considered to be more vertical or more horizontal results in what it is called. The communication between executive vice president Julie and the department managers is minimal as stated above. Julie needs to work out a new strategy of horizontal communication that will give her the results she needs, possibly a centralised wheel approach for faster and more accurate communication. Examples of different horizontal communication are as follows. Intradepartmental problem solving. These messages take place among members of the same department and concern task accomplishments. For example: ‘Bec, can you please help us fill out the inventory report form?’ Interdepartmental coordination. Interdepartmental messages facilitate the accomplishment of joint projects or tasks. For example: ‘Bec, please contact the Materials department and arrange a meeting to discuss the specifications for the new product materials, we may not be able to meet there needs’. Change initiative and improvements. These messages are designed to share information among teams and departments that can help the organisation change, grow and improve. For example: ‘We are having a discussing about the budgets of several departments and would like your input for the discussion’. 2. If I were Julie Crandell, I would feel compelled to organise a project meeting with all department managers and discuss a way to create a new strategy or work out the difficulties in the existing one, so that it will be successfully appropriate to attain the result we need as an organisation. Whilst having the project meeting and discussing the new deadline for project CV305 and receiving all department managers input and problems, I would then organise weekly project meetings along with regular progress reports, I would then suggest a decentralised management approach, the advantage is Julie the Senior manager would have time to then concentrate on the most important decisions, as the other decisions can be undertaken by other people down the organisation structure. Some good examples of having a decentralised management approach are, Decision making is a form of empowerment, and empowerment can increase motivation and therefore mean that staff output increases. Empowerment will enable departments and their employees to respond faster to changes and new challenges. Whereas it may take senior managers like Julie longer to come up with a similar response. Staff within departments would sometimes have a greater knowledge of the product their producing and would then be able to make better choices and decisions then say Julie, there for this approach would suit the organisation better then all ways lining up to see Julie for her advice and approval, which may take a long time as Julie had little time to oversee everything with her centralised approach. Another approach Julie could take would be to hire a personal assistant. As Julie is a person that has so much on her plate for example, scheduling management meetings, answering phone calls, dropping letters off to the post office and checking her schedule, as well as many more other duties. These errands could all be done by anyone else like a personal assistant therefore saving Julie precious time so she can concentrate on more important tasks then organising meetings and writing up reports. 3. Julie has made a wrong choice by choosing to go with the centralised decision making structure, instead she needs to find a more appropriate structure that will be able to deliver and suit the companies desired outcome in the time line they have set for the new product. This structure will need to be decentralised, so decisions are made quicker and more accurate as Julie may not have quite well an understanding of the product then say the department manager. A team based approach is what I personally think Julie should use for the development of new future products. One of the best forms of business organisation is the team-based structure. A team based structure is an organisation that groups employees on the same work level into teams that perform specific functions within their job tasks. This structure combines the low-overhead, minimal management structure of a lateral structure with the team efforts common to a hybrid structure. There are numerous advantages to a team-based lateral organizational structure. A team-based organisational structure is similar to a traditional lateral structure, in carrying less overhead management to cause delays in decision-making and implementation of best practices or new ideas. With no need to wait on a lengthy chain of command to receive approval for ideas or changes to the, a team-based lateral structure can make necessary changes on the fly and allow for rapid response to different market conditions. This is especially important in today’s digital economy. By spreading the responsibility among teams involving everyone involved in project CV305 rather than having a single person (Julie) in charge of all decision-making or management of a project, decisions can be reached by a quorum and can take place rapidly as team members can be assigned to research areas of need, implement changes, or work on other problems while other team members continue to focus on the current situation of the project. Decisions made by a team are often better thought out and more effectively implemented than decisions made by a single individual, that being Julie in this case. A team-based organisational structure will eliminate Julie’s centralised flat chain of command, Julie’s centralised approach caused delays and worker frustration with cumbersome communication lines. A team can more effectively raise concerns to management without having to wait a unpredictable time for Julie’s response, This can make individuals more willing to speak out about problems or inefficiency due to not having to wait, and being able to receive their answers quicker. If Julie were to establish a task force or assign a project manager, so they can establish and assist departments in representing them, and to share their information with other departments which will enable coordination. In addition to creating task forces, companies also set up cross functional teams. A cross functional team furthers horizontal coordination because participants from several departments meet regularly to solve ongoing problems of common interest (Mintzberg, 1979).

Do Women Enjoy Equal Right in Nepal Essay

Our country, Nepal is popularly known as a traditional nation. It gives more priority to its customs and traditions rather than other subjects of matter. This country has been ruled and operated by majority of men since the beginning of humanity. Men play the vital role in each sector of development. History of Nepal is the evidence that all the development works are carried out by majority of men and less women. Even though, there is equal importance of male and female in development of nation, females are kept aside in development as well as social matter. In each and every sector, men play a main role and women are in inferior position. The main cause of such vast differences is the lack of education and public awareness. Such differences start from the early period of males and females life. In point of view of Nepalese people, females are regarded as a curse and males as boon. They do not like bearing female baby as they have to get her married and provide dowry. So, they take it as burden. That’s why, when they bear a boy and a girl, they give higher priority and more love to boy and the girl is kept within the four walls of home. Thus, no matter how talented they are, they never get a chance to develop. The condition of women living in our country is really miserable. Women living in our society are still under the shadow of darkness. They are bounded by the traditional concept of conservative society. They are busy mostly in kitchen and household works. Though, women occupy more population in Nepal, they have less participation in the high level jobs and some other important matters related to their life. They can experience very few legal rights and even our society places them in an inferior position. This was often justified as being the result of biological differences between the sexes. Women were thought to be more emotional and less decisive than men. They are not given sufficient opportunities to improve themselves and are discouraged to go ahead. No matter whatever progress they make, they are still suppressed by this traditional society. Moreover, they are somehow  experiencing basic rights, but they are deprived of social rights in many ways. Furthermore, they are regarded as the symbol of creating, protecting and nursing. They bear and grow-up children. They have many more responsibilities like biological, social and national. But, still their condition in our nation is backward. They are so because of male domination, traditional, social structures, unequal laws, lack of awareness, poverty and lack of government protection for them. Women in our society have been confined only to household chores, rearing children, preparing food, collecting fodder for cattle and family sanitation. Especially, they do not have freedom for movement and for adopting job. They are deprived of higher studies and property rights. They are not encouraged for social exposure. Furthermore, they had been the victim of domestic violence from their husbands, brothers, mother-in-law and even relatives. Their appeal is not uprightly accepted even by the administrator. Sometimes, they are even beaten, kidnapped and killed. Hence, they are really living a sorrowful life. CBS (Central Bureau of Statistics) and the report of UNDP shows that women’s participation in developmental works of Nepal is of low grade. Their rate of involvement in different sectors like education, civil service, participation in teaching and legal practice is very low. Though many NGOs (National Government Organization), INGOs (International Government Organization) and governmental organizations are working for the rights of women, their condition has not been improved significantly. Therefore, in first place, the women themselves must raise voice for their rights. Government, stakeholders, NGOs and INGOs has to take certain measures to uplift the condition of women in every nook and cranny of Nepal. Awareness programs must be conducted in their favor. Rallies with slogans like â€Å"GENDER EQUALITY†, â€Å"EDUCATION FOR ALL†, and etcetera must be spread all over our country. Thus, women must be provided with rights equal to that of men. Reference; The present status of Nepali women – Ashmita Bhattarai

buy custom A Computer Virus essay

buy custom A Computer Virus essay A computer virus can be defined as a software program that spreads from one computer to the other and it interferes with the normal compute operation. It can also corrupt or delete data from the computer. Computer viruses can be disguises in form of funny images, audio or video files or even greeting cards. They also spread through downloads on the internet. To help avoid computer viruses, it is essential to keep your computer with updated antivirus tools. One should also be aware of the recent threats and the computer should be run as a standard user other than an administrator. There are three main types of computer viruses. These include; the Trojan horse, worms and the email viruses. Trojan horse virus is a virus appears like a program, which appears to have a purpose but in real sense, it has a very different purpose. It can appear in form of a picture file but ones you open it, you will have unleashed the damaging program on your computer. Trojan horse viruses do not replicate but they spread automatically. The worms on the other hand will affect any devise with a security flaw and one that is networked. It will replicate by itself using the security flaw in your computer. A copy of the worm gets to another computer with a similar security flaw. The process will continue and this is how the worms are spread. The email viruses use the email for their transportation. They are however similar to the other computer viruses. Some computer viruses are more dangerous in that once they get into a computer; they replicate and send the copies to the email address book. There are several signs that your computer has virus. The computer becomes slow than usual, it stops responding and it could frequently lock up. Your computer might as well crash and then it restarts on its own. The computer can also restart on its own as a result of viruses. You may not be able to access your drives including the hard disk. The normal printing becomes distorted and unusual error messages will keep on appearing. The dialogue box and the menus could also become distorted. In addition, the current antivirus program can be disabled or you may find difficulties in running it. It can also become difficult to install an antivirus program. Viruses could also make your computer to produce some unexpected sounds. Programs will also disappear when they were not intended to (Graham, 2006, p. 65). An antivirus is used to prevent, remove and detect virus. Several strategies are employed for the antivirus to perform its purpose. Here is signature detection that involves searching for the viruses. It is important to get compare various antivirus products in the market since they do not all work the same. The benefits of a installing an antivirus in your computer are obvious given the effects of antivirus to your computer. The cost of the computer slow down are unbearable but luckily, we have modern antivirus software in the market that are of improved protection given the advanced technology. Todays modern antivirus software does not require much maintenance from you. Just like any other product in the market, antivirus are not the same and they all having their good and bad side. It is therefore important to compare different softwares before purchasing one for it to much your needs. The usability and effectiveness of an antivirus can either make or break the antivirus software. We have the top ranked antivirus software that is user-friendly and they offer optimum protection. The various antiviru softwares come from different providers. The buyer should consider the scope of protection. Some antivirus give 360 degree defence, multi layered protection or 100% security and definitely some ant viruses are better than others. The best antivirus should provide solutions on viruses, Trojans and worms as well as protection against spyware, email borne threats, root kits and key loggers. Although they cannot provide total protection against threats, antivirus should protect the computers against many threats as possible. The antivirus should be effective. The antivirus is usually designed to protect the computer, so if it does not, it therefore becomes useless. The results of an antivirus are checked using the industry standard security software testers. These are organizations of professional security. They help to find the best software in the market. The testers help evaluate the overall effectiveness of the antivirus software. The best antiviruses programs, in terms of effectiveness are ranked as below with their prices are ranked as follows. Price list NAME OF THE ANTIVIRUS PRICE 1. Bit defender Antivirus $ 29.95 2. Kaspersky Antivirus $ 59.95 3. Web root Antivirus $ 39.95 4. Norton Antivirus $ 39.99 5. Esset Nod 32 Antivirus $39.99 6. AVG Antivirus $ 34.99 7. G DATA Antivirus $ 29.95 8. Avira Antivirus $ 23.49 9. Vipre Antivirus $29.95 10. Trend Micro Titanium Antivirus $ 39.95 The antivirus software bought should be easy to install. Installing should not be a chore. Once you have installed the software, it should offer protection to your computer immediately. The process of installing in general terms should be easy. Once installed, the first scanning and the implementation of the antivirus should be an easy task. Although the antivirus software is complex, it does not require security degree. The software should not require maintenance every now and then and it should be flexible enough to do what you want it to do. The antivirus should be up to date because new viruses are being discovered every now annd then in the signature database. However, the modern antivirus software updates itself automatically and they update fast so that your computer does not slow down your system. The security providers can a well push the updates to your computer directly as soon as they are available. Some antivirus can scan sent and received emails as well as opened files. The software does not alter the capability of the host software to transmit viruses. The software must be updated regularly to keep it up to date in order to detect the latest threats. To prevent viruses from affecting your computer, it is advisable not to open any unusual files in your computer. In case you detect something unusual, it is advisable to run your updated antivirus. It is also important to scan your external devices like the flash discs before inserting them into your computer (Szor, 2007, p. 75). It is important to note, before purchasing an antivirus, that the best software does not require reading the manual in depth to be able to use it. However, it must have a manual. Product support is provided online by the manufacturers in case of troubleshooting, specific questions or any other additional help. In conclusion, the antivirus to be bought should be efficient, effective, and easy to use. Freeware is software that is available for use at no cost. However, it has certain restrictions in terms of usage rights. The rights to copy, modify, distribute or make derivation of the software. A good example of a freeware is Firefox. The license may also restrict the type of use of the software for example, non-commercial use, academic use, military use and several other restrictions. The software license can also impose restrictions such as restricted use on a server, restricted use over a network among others. Many freeware products are provided by commercial developers who provide other products with advanced features, but specifically for sale. Freeware is treated as a promotional product. BBEdit and Text Wrangler are examples of freeware. Since freeware cannot depend completely on commercial promotion, the internet becomes the best source for freeware information. There are also several newspapers or computer magazines providing rating for freeware. They contain information on freeware rating as well as compact discs and other storage devises containing the freeware. It is possible to run a commercial antivirus without really paying for it. This is possible because most antivirus companies are offering test antivirus versions. These versions are usually tested for 30 or even 90 days. Here, you will have to install an anti virus every 30 days or 90 days depending with the trial period. You must get the most reliable trial versions for efficiency purposes. Examples of these trials are Norton and MacAfee antivirus. It is advisable to run your antivirus software in safe mode. This mode gives you a better chance to remove viruses, Trojans, malware and other malicious programs. Safe mode helps trace several computer problems that could not be detected using the regular mode. It prevents the malicious tools from loading while starting up. The antiviruses have certain setbacks in that it can impair the performance of the computer. Users who are not experienced enough could have a problem understanding or even using the antivirus. Incorrect use of antivirus may lead to breach of security. An avenue for attack is also created since the computer antivirus success depends on achieving either the false positive or the false negatives while using heuristic detection. Buy custom A Computer Virus essay

Community Health Framework and Intervention Plan Essay

Community Health Framework and Intervention Plan - Essay Example This report will review several other models and policy initiatives that promote both mental and primary care for the elderly who have mental illnesses and, accordingly, suggest a prevention model. The Federal Government O'Conner et al (2009) point out that federal policy will have to change to realistically begin to face the growing needs of older adults with mental illnesses. The elderly population will be growing at increasing rates over the upcoming decades. The DHHS estimates that 20% of the elderly population have mental illnesses of which 2% are seen as serious. It is a population which requires ongoing mental health services. Elderly with mental illness in general face shorter life expectancy compounded by comorbid medical illnesses and unhealthy and limiting lifestyles that are sometimes characterized by alcohol and drug abuse, poor nutrition, obesity, and cigarette smoking. These characteristics often lead to medical problems of cardiovascular disease and diabetes among oth ers. Mental illnesses may also lie hidden underneath the combination of physical illnesses, leading to misdiagnosis and insufficient treatment regimens. The main concern of federal and state governments toward the mentally ill has been in regard to controlling costs. O’Conner et al outline the various federal programs for treating the elderly mentally ill and explain how these programs have had shortfalls usually in the more difficult area of providing consistent government funding. The authors discuss how federal and state policy struggle to provide long-term care for this population. Initially Medicaid policy did not cover institutions for mental diseases (IMDs) or nursing homes as coded by the Pre-Admission Screening and Resident Review (PASRR) stricture. Also, the Medicaid Home and Community Based Services (HCBS) further confounded housing support for the population. However, the new Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act of 2010 (ACA), recently created to reform Amer ican health, is now enabling states flexibility to create special benefit packages for specific populations. The ACA clarifies the Medicaid 1915(i) provision, the Home and Community Based Service (HCBS) state plan amendment option and importantly provides ways for the state to receive funding help in providing long term services to the elderly with mental illness. Integrated Services Models United States Marion et al discuss a model of integrating primary and mental health care to enable specific targeting of patients with severe and persistent mental illnesses (SPMI). Their project is an example of public policy planning that could represent coordination of services between a private agency that is federally qualified and an academic nursing school. People with SPMI are at a disadvantage of receiving only episodic and fragmented treatment. SPMI are sometimes typified as succumbing to comorbid conditions where physical illnesses are complicated by psychotropic medications. Substance abuse complicate and raise the risks of such individuals who many times live in impoverish conditions that may involve violent incidents, unprotected sex and poor nutrition. Medical care is not consistent but mainly provided by emergency care centers. One intervention scheme that may involve a measure of hope is social planning coordination between a school of

Rhetorical Problem Solving Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Rhetorical Problem Solving - Case Study Example Additionally, for last quarter the sales dropped by 5%, when he goes for lunch he sometimes fails to report back to work and for the last one month Mason has been absent for seven days. Mason has reached his retirement years at sixty-two, but he has refused to retire voluntarily. He looks forward to retiring after three more years of work when he will be sixty-five years. However, Doakes has pointed out that Mason has been diligent on his duties all along until recently. His public relations have also been excellent before. Mason has been grooming Doakes to take his place when he retires, and this also explains the reason the recommendation job had to be given to me. My solution to this problem is to make Doakes assume Mason’s responsibilities, leave Mason’s salary as it is today and raise Doakes’ salary. One of the quickest solutions to this problem would be to retire him against his wishes, but this would be unfair to Mason because he has been of great service to the company for the last twenty-five years. His experience and loyalty for all those years is enough reason to keep him for extra three years. It is worthwhile noting that corporate social responsibility starts from the internal practice. Dealing with employees harshly or ignoring the feelings of the community hits companies very hard down the line. It is necessary that the company maintains good relationship with its workers, make the long-time serving workers feel valued as part of the company. While not every employee’s wishes will be respected in terms of extending their terms, Mason’s case is a special one and it has to be dealt with every caution possible with the fact that he has been very instrumental to the company for years. Am interested in knowing reason for Mason’s stay in the business for three extra years. It could be that he needs the salary, or he needs to complete a project he began. For either reason, it is for the best interest of the

Social networking is effecting students grades Essay

Social networking is effecting students grades - Essay Example The social networking regimes have therefore hurt the cause of education more than anything else and the ones who have been hit the hardest are the students themselves. This raises an interesting proposition altogether – why not regulate the usage of social networking by the students so they can concentrate more towards their studies and less on how to mingle with friends, acquaints and the like? There seem to be no answers to such issues. The students need to understand that the social networking elements and tools have been affecting their educational realms and now is the time to realize what is hurting them the most. The sooner they will wake up to such conclusions, the better it would be for their respective selves. However, what is unfortunate is the aspect of non-realization that social networking is providing them more worries than anything else, and now is the time to understand that they have to find a way to move ahead with the social linkages that they have develop ed over the Internet. What is even more worrying is the fact that these social networking tools have involved within them gaming elements that have literally taken away the concentration levels of the students, and given them an alternate path in the wake of spending their lives, their own way (Hitch, 2011). The social networking understandings within the students’ grades have been proven as true with the passage of time. The teachers, instructors and even parents have raised their voice against the tyranny that these social networking elements have created, which have literally impacted the students in more ways than one. There seems to be a great amount of anarchy within the related ranks, and the undue credit for the same does rest on the shoulders of the social networking websites, tools and programs. Since the social networking domains do not consider how the same would be taking charge of the students and their related folds, they are trying their best to introduce new and novel applications, programs and features. This will ensure that the social networking will remain as pivotal for the sake of the students, much more than what education does for their own good. This is a very unfortunate happening but it is taking place for a number of reasons that can be deemed as wrong more than anything else. The social networking does more harm than offering any solace to the young ones who are bound to go wrong in the face of severe competition that they receive at the hands of their colleagues and friends, as well as the technological mastery that the social networking websites and tools have to propose, day in and day out. Therefore how social networking is being manifested by the elders within the society is something to write home about (Sarachan, 2011). This has been made apparent through the different procedures that they have adopted to keep away the perils that come attached with the social networking elements and realms within the society. It is f or this reason that social networking is now being seen as a very dangerous metaphor within the terrains of the society as the students are the worst sufferers at the end of the day. In the end, it would be proper to state that the social networking issues should be tackled at the earliest. This will help resolve the disputes and conflicts that have come to the fore. It will also restore the confidence of the parents within their young ones who are

Online Shopping Buyer Behaviour in Fashion industry Dissertation

Online Shopping Buyer Behaviour in Fashion industry - Dissertation Example The paper "Online Shopping Buyer Behaviour in Fashion industry" will look into the differences between the traditional retail marketing and online shopping in the fashion industry. The main differences between the traditional and online shopping preferences for fashion products include display, expense, location, communication and technology. As far as display is concerned, the traditional fashion shopping offered the buyers an opportunity to touch and handle fashion products physically when they are interested in something. This had the benefit of the buyer ensuring that the product is of high quality and that it is durable. This was very beneficial to the fashion product buyers. On the other hand, online shopping for fashion products does not offer the purchaser a chance of getting into physical contact with the products. Instead, the buyer will have to be contented with the graphical displays, pictures and the text descriptions for the products. This has the effect of ensuring tha t prospective customers would rather buy from the traditional fashion retailers rather than the modern online fashion retailer. Expenses are also major determinants and number of factors exist that fashion product retailers need to put into mind. One of the factors is that while the traditional retailers must look for viable premises that will attract customers, the online retailers do not have to look for premises. Hence, the traditional retailers will have to incur many expenses for setting up the businesses.

Customer Satisfaction Towards Online Shopping

Customer Satisfaction Towards Online Shopping Customer satisfaction is the degree to which customer expectations of a product or service are met or exceeded. It is seen as a key performance indicator within business. In a competitive marketplace where businesses compete for customers, customer satisfaction is seen as a key differentiator and increasingly has become a key element of business strategy. In the era of globalization electronic marketing is a great revolution. Over the last decade maximum business organizations are running with technological change. Online shopping or marketing is the use of technology for better marketing performance. And retailers are devising strategies to meet the demand of online shoppers; they are busy in studying consumer behavior in the field of online shopping, to see the consumer attitudes towards online shopping. Therefore we have also decided to study the factors that affect MMU students satisfaction of their online shopping provider. Research Background Online shopping is basically a process of selling and buying of goods and services on World Wide Web. As (Forsythe and Shi, 2003) explains Internet shopping has become the fastest-growing use of the Internet; most online consumers, however, use information gathered online to make purchases off-line. According to a report (ACNielsen Report on Global Consumer Attitudes towards Online Shopping, 2005) published on www.acnielsen.com, one tenth of the world population is shopping online , till October 2005, 627 million people have done online shopping , and according to the same report Germans and British are on the top of the list on Online Shopping. Additionally in the report published, it was confirmed that products most purchased online included books followed by DVDs, videos, games and Plane Reservations, with credit cards being the most sought method of payments for the purchases made regarding the items offered for purchase online. So many countries all over the world pour millions of dollars into online shopping as a means to purchase goods and services through the internet. The improving use of the internet has provided for fast purchase of online services as this is evident in the rapid growing internet usage activity all over Europe, with Sweden being ranked one of the high heels in Internet Usage and online Shopping in Europe coming in ninth with Japan and USA following in close competition (ACNielsen Report on Global Consumer Attitudes towards Online Shopping, 2005). During 1994, Netscape introduced SSL encryption method for data transformation online through the web, which became so important for secure online shopping. The first online shopping system was introduced by a German Company called Intershop in 1994. Follow by Amazon in 1995 and eBay in 1996. Online shopping has been getting famous since the last few years after the internet was being widely used. It began to appeal to a larger number of consumers as it gradually evolved to serve and satisfy millions of people from all over the world. Consequently, e-commerce industry has seen rapid growth. An online consumer or online seller must at least have one electronic gadget to access to the internet. Online banking system had been launched before the era of online shopping. Therefore, online banking system made online shopping much convenient. Hence, payment can be made in several forms such as cheques, debit card, electronic money or various types, cash deposit using ATM machine, gift cards and etc. Problem Statement The online retail industry is going the new era of competition. These online shopping provider need to differentiate themselves from others and present it well to become the one of the market leader in online retails industry. Competition has become more aggressive among these companies, therefore it is important for companies to figure out the factors that affects MMU students satisfaction towards their online shopping providers. Research Objective The purpose of this research is to analyze and identify the overall attitude towards online shopping and the key factors that influences MMU students satisfaction of their online shopping providers. Significance of Study The online retail is undergoing dramatic changes. This study will provide insights of the factors that affect the MMU students satisfaction of their online shopping provider. In other words it will indicate the consumer behavior in the competitive market. This research can contribute to the society and country. The result of this research will be beneficial for the online shopping provider to serve as a guideline in implementing their business strategy. With the information, the online shopping providers will be able to design packages that are satisfying consumers. They can also improve their company performance as well as to maintain their market share. This research is important because it can outline what are the factors that are affecting the MMU students satisfaction of their online shopping provider. Also, this research able to provides the factors that cause the satisfaction level. When online shopping provider understand what is the wants and needs of the consumer. Thus, it helps to reduce their cost in research and development. By then, online shopping provider can focus to increase their product features or quality that serves to the consumers. Through this study, online shopping provider can focus on what is the best business quality and services to consumers in order to maintain their life long relationship to create maximum life time value to the company itself. Before taking any actions to change the satisfaction level, the most crucial thing is to understand what factors influence customer satisfaction, and then try to make improvements in these critical areas so that they can have more satisfied and loyal customers. Scope of the Study This research is particularly interested in investigating customer satisfaction level. This paper is tending to find out what are the factors that affecting MMU students satisfaction of online shopping provider through this study. All respondents are assumed to have online shopping knowledge. There are many factors that cause the different satisfaction level of their online shopping provider. 1.7 Operational Definition 1.7.1 Online Shopping Online shopping or online retailing is a form of electronic commerce allowing consumers to directly buy goods or services from a seller over the Internet without an intermediary service. An online shop, e-shop, e-store, Internet shop, web-shop, web-store, online store, or virtual store extorts the analogy of purchasing goods or services at a retails stores or shopping center. 1.7.2 Convenience Online retail store are support the available for 24 hour 7days a week. This is a means by retailers and wholesalers to provide customers with a very convenient way to be able to do all the shopping from one spot or by just a mouse click. 1.7.3 User friendly web features and designs Online web stores need to be user friendly and easy to navigate, these being very vital influencing factors of online shopping website designs, privacy or confidentiality, website reliability, navigation, and website customer services incorporated with the website security are the most attractive features which influence the perception of consumers to buy goods and services online. 1.7.4 Time Saving With the rapid development of the World Wide Web online shopping has come to be the most sought means to purchase goods and services at the convenience for the customers as it saves time whereby being an important influencing factor towards online shopping. Browsing through the internet or searching through online catalogues can be time saving as one needs not to move from place to place and less effort is put into shopping, thus less effort is required and only patience becomes vital during the shopping process. 1.7.5 Security Security issues which is involved in keeping the information safe and accurate. 1.8 Organizational of Research These research papers are categories into five chapters. Chapter 1: Introduction In this chapter is all about the overall question and the relevant topic are being carried out for discussion. There are includes the objectives and the problem statement of this study. Besides that, the explanations of who is gaining benefits from this study are included. However, to prevent the confusion and misunderstanding of the reader those important terms are clearly defined. Chapter 2: Literature Review In this chapter cite those relevant studies related to this research. The dependent and independent variables will then be identified and use as a basis to build the theoretical framework and hypotheses development. In the other hand the arguments and opinions from different authors are add in for the purpose to support the study carry out. Chapter 3: Research Methodology In this chapter the theoretical framework and hypothesis of study will be stated. Theoretical framework shows the relationship between variables. Next, by identify the relationship those testable hypotheses are formed based .Moreover all these hypothesis are been use to examine whether the framework is in effect by using appropriate statistical analysis. The research instrument, sample size, source of data and the statistical data to be used in the study are discussed. Chapter 4: Research Findings and Discussion This chapter will present the results and discussion based on the data analyzed. Chapter 5: Conclusion In this chapter we will review the entire research from the introduction, the main details and the justification on the hypothesis constructed in the study and well as a brief look into the findings obtained from the hypothesis. The limitation and implication of the study will also be presented. Chapter 2 : Literature Review 2.1 Overview There are few causes that influencing the customer satisfaction from their online shopping provider due to the changing preferences and satisfaction toward the demand and services provided .However the literature review of the factors will be discussed as below. 2.2 Dependent Variable 2.2.1 Customer Satisfaction Customer satisfaction is an output, resulting from the customers pre-purchase comparison of expected performance with perceived actual performance and incurred cost (Churchill and Surprenant, 1982). According to Vance Christensen (2006), customer satisfaction is very different from customer loyalty.  One is a requirement to do business; the other is the basis for sustained profitability and growth. It is believe that satisfied customers will lead to their loyalty and improve revenues. Customer loyalty is the degree of a customer staying with a specific vendor or brand. If the customer is satisfied with the firms products or services, it eventually will help the firm to increase its customer loyalty. In other words, high customer satisfaction lead to high customer loyalty while low customer satisfaction lead to low customer loyalty. Customer satisfaction is a measure of expectations being exceeded, met, or not met. Besides, when thinking of customer satisfaction measurement, the firm wanted to know whether the firm is meeting or exceeding customer expectations.  The marketing literature suggests that customer satisfaction operates in two different ways: transaction-specific and general-overall (Yi, 1991). Transaction-specific concept concerns customer satisfaction as the assessment made after a specific purchase occasion. Besides, it may also provide specific diagnostic information about a particular product or service encounter. General-overall satisfaction refers to the customers rating of the brand, based on all encounters and experiences (Johnson and Fornell, 1991). It can be viewed as a function of all previous transaction-specific satisfactions (Jones and Suh, 2000). Overall satisfaction is a more fundamental indicator of the firms past, current and future performance (Anderson et al., 1994). This i s because customers make repurchase evaluations and decision based on their purchase and consumption experience to date, not just on a particular transaction or episode (Johnson et al., 2001, p.219). Many other studies (eg. Gronholdt et al., 2000; Kristensen et al., 2000; Gerpott et al., 2001; Sharma,2003; Bruhn and Grund, 2000) have shown that customer satisfaction positively affected loyalty. 2.3 Independent Variables 2.3.1 Convenience It is an investment or a cost when consumers spending their time making purchases. It takes quite a lot of time for a consumer to make purchases from shop to shop, thus online shopping helps to save a lot of their precious time and effort. The time spent plays a very important role in consumer perceptions especially the time used for shopping. Bitner, 1990; Taylor, 1994 have pointed out that waiting created a negative impact on customer service satisfaction. Consumers time will be wasted a lot if have to keep waiting for such a long time and definitely will cause the consumers to have bad impressions to the seller or company. Time and energy saving are in the same concept (Brown, 1990). Time and effort play an important role because these two factors might affect consumers convenience during shopping. Online shopping definitely can help consumers to save time and effort in purchasing process by bringing a lot of convenience. Convenience factor refers that it is easy to browse or sear ch the information through online is easier than the traditional retail shopping. Through online, consumers can easily search product catalog but if the consumer look generally for the same product or item in a traditional store manually it is difficult to visit physically and time consuming also. Convenience has always been a prime factor for consumers to shop online. Darian (1987) mentioned that online shoppers carry multiple benefits in terms of convenience, such as less time consuming, flexibility, very less physical effort etc. Bhatnagar and Ghose (2004) claims that convenience as one of the most important advantage for engaging in online shopping. According to the Robinson, Riley, Rettie and Wilsonz (2007) the major motivation for online purchasing is convince in terms of shop at any time and having bundles of items delivered at door step. Rohm and Swaminathans (2004) claims in typology of online shoppers into: Convenience shoppers, balanced buyers, variety seekers and store-oriented shoppers, based upon their preset shopping motivation. Rohm and Swaminathans (2004) findings about convenience and variety seeking are major motivating factors of online shopping and this study is consistent with Morganosky and Cudes (2000) research findings. Webchecks (1999) study shows that convenience factor is one of the biggest advantages of online shopping. Through online purchase consumers can easily compare the price than the traditional purchase. So price comparison is also another convenience factor of online shopping. 2.3.2 Website Design/Features Web site design of a web page is one of the most important factors that influence online shopping. Shergill and Chen, (2005) identified web site design characteristics as the dominant factor which influences customer satisfaction towards online purchasing. The quality of website design is very important for any online store to attract customers. Cho and Park (2001) have found in their study that customer satisfaction in e-commerce is related to the quality of website design. According to Ranganathan and Grandon (2002), website design represents the way in which the content is arranged in the website. Wolfinbarger and Gilly (2003) argued that when customers interact with an online store they prefer to do so via a technical interface and not through any employee. Therefore the design of the website, which acts as the interface, would play an important role in influencing customer satisfaction. Lee and Lin (2005) had empirically found that website design positively influences overall customer satisfaction and perceived service quality. Besides, Ranganathan and Ganapathy (2002) have empirically established that website design positively affects purchase intention. Kamariah and Salwani (2005) claims the higher website quality, the higher consumer intends to shop from internet. Web design quality has important impacts on consumer choice of electronic stores, stated by Liang and Lai (2000). Website design one of the important factor motivating consumers for online shopping. Almost 100,000 on-line shoppers surveyed by (Reibstein, 2000) shows that web site design was rated as important factor for online shopping. Another study conducted by Zhang, Dran, Small, and Barcellos (1999, 2000), and Zhang and Dran (2000) indicated that website design features of the website are important and influencing factors that leads consumers satisfaction and dissatisfaction with a specific website. A study conducted by Yasmin and Nik (2010) shows a significant relationship between online shopping activity and website features. Website design features can be considered as a motivational factor that can create positive or negative feelings with a website (Zhang, et al 1999). A study by Li and Zhang (2002), if website is designed with quality features it can guide the customers for successful transactions and attract the customers to revisit the website again. However, worse quality website features can also hamper online shopping. According to Liang and Lai (2000), web design quality or website features has direct impact on user to shop online. Moreover researchers such as Belanger, Hiller and Smith (2002) concluded that a large segment of internet users have serious concerns of security. 2.3.3 Time Saving According to Rohm and Swaminathans (2004), one possible explanation that online shopping saves time during the purchasing of goods and it can eliminate the traveling time required to go to the traditional store. On the other side, some respondent think that it is also time taken for delivery of goods or services over online shopping. To most consumers important attributes of online shopping are convenience and accessibility (Wolà ¯Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ nbarger and Gilly, 2001): because consumers can shop on the Internet in the comfort of their home environment, it saves time and effort, and they are able to shop any time of the day or night. Especially for consumers that, owing to their extended working hours, only have a small amount of free time, online shopping is an excellent opportunity. Thus, the situational factor time pressure has an attenuating impact on the relationship between attitude and consumers intention to shop online. Because the Internet is time saving and accessible 24 hours a day, this becomes the main drive for online shopping and attitude toward Internet shopping is less important. Unexpectedly time saving is not the motivating factor for the consumers to shop online (Corbett, 2001) because it takes time receiving goods or delivery. But time saving factor can be seen through different dimensions i.e. person living in Florida can shop at Harods in London (through the web) in less time than it takes to visit the local Burdines department store (Alba et al. 1997, p. 41,emphasis added). Morganosky and Cude (2000) have concluded that time saving factor was reported to be primary reason among those consumers who have already experienced the online grocery buying. So the importance of the time saving factor cannot be neglected as motivation behind online purchasing. Additionally Goldsmith and Bridges (2000) emphasize that there is a discrimination between online shopper and non online shoppers, online shoppers are more worried about convenience, time saving and selection whereas non online shoppers are worried about security, privacy and on time delivery. A study by K amariah and Salwani (2005) shows higher website quality can highly influence customers to shop online. 2.3.4 Security Security is another dominant factor which affects consumers to shop online. However many internet users avoid online shopping because of credit card fraud, privacy factors, non delivery risk, post purchase service and so on. But transaction security on the online shopping has received attention. Safe and secured transaction of money and credit card information increases trust and decreases transaction risk. In 1995, UK has introduced Fraud free electronic shopping and later on Europe and Singapore introduced secured electronic transaction (SET). According to Bhatnagar and Ghose (2004) Security is one of the attribute which limits buying on the web as they claim that there is a large segment of internet shoppers who dont like to buy online because of their thinking about the security of their sensitive information. Cuneyt and Gautam (2004) claims trust in the internet shopping with advanced technology, and frequent online shopping to the internet being secured as a trustworthy shopping channel. Chapter 3: Research Methodology This chapter includes the research framework which identifies and helps explain the steps taken in investigating the research done. Discussion in this section will cover the research design and procedure, variables and measurement, data collection method, questionnaire design and data analysis. The research instruments, sampling process and data analysis techniques also will be discussed in this chapter. 3.1 Theoretical Framework Below is the theoretical framework for the research paper. The dependent and independent variables are clearly identified. The customer satisfaction is the dependent variable; the convenience, website design and features, time saving and security are been use for independent variables part. Convenience Customer Satisfaction toward online shopping provider Website design/features Time Saving Security The dependent variable been analyzed for the purpose to get know the solution causes problem occurs. However, both variables are link either positive or negative relationship with each others. 3.2 Hypothesis Development Hypothesis is the sate used by marketing researcher about the population parameter (Burns and Bush 2005), using prior knowledge, assumptions or intuition to form an exact specification of what the population parameter value is. Once the variables have been identified, the independent and dependent variables are then established through logical reasoning in the theoretical framework. Then the next step is to examine the relationship formed and find out whether the facts are actually accurate. In Figure 2 are clearly explain the relationship between dependent variable and independent variable that influence the perception of consumer select online shopping provider .Moreover , based on the literature review and the theoretical framework ,the hypothesis are been formed H1: There is an association between convenience and customer satisfaction of their online shopping provider H2: There is an association between the website design/features and customer satisfaction of their online shopping provider H3: There is an association between time saving and customer satisfaction of their online shopping provider H4: There is an association between security and customer satisfaction of their online shopping provider 3.3 Research Design The questionnaire design is categorized in few choices. Students from MMU will be selected as our sample of study. Questionnaires are given to respondents via online and also in hardcopy form. All the respondents are given 15 minutes to fill in the questionnaires. After this, students start collecting the data based on the questionnaires. 3.4 Research Instrument In this study questionnaire method are been chooses as a tool for the purpose of collect the data. 3.5 Sampling method Questionnaire development is a rather important element in this research yet there are many limitation of setting the questions. Hence, questionnaire developed must be clear and avoid ambiguous questions As questionnaire need to appear in a reasonable sequence that could convinced the respondent and also increasingly gives the respondent confidence and trust in both the survey and the surveyor. Hence, questionnaire development process will start by identifying the related information used to develop the question such as the independent variable that had been identify in the earlier stage of the research process. After that, it proceed by choosing the best out of the questions, so that this questionnaire can directly targeted towards the respondents behavior and perceptions of being a telecommunication users. The questionnaire is designed to draw out information on respondents demographic, their experience in using mobile hand phones, their daily average expenditures, and their awareness with various available mobile phone services. The questionnaire is divided into two sections which is section A and section B. Section A measures the demographic variables and personal information towards their choosing behavior whereas, section B measures about the independent variables differently. The methods using for each section are discussed as below: A) Multiple Choice Questions: In section A, the respondents personal basic background and perception toward the online shopping was appearing in this section. It consists of the respondents demography such as ethnicity, gender, race, age and usage of online shopping. B) Likert Scale: Section B consists of questions concerned with the dependent variables towards online in the research model such as convenience, website design/features, time saving, and security. The measurement of this research is based on Likert scale which ranging from 1 to 5. Researchers Perez, Abad, Carrilo and Fernandez (2007) found that the Likert scale to be effective in their research on the Effects of Service Quality Dimensions on Behavioral Purchase Intentions. Below is the rating scale format from strongly disagree to strongly agree: 1 2 3 4 5 Strongly disagree Disagree Neutral Agree Strongly agree 3.6 Data collection method Questionnaire 3.5.1 Primary Data The data been collected by using questionnaire method which is distributed to students in Multimedia University Melaka campus and the questionnaire is divided into two parts; part A and part B. For part A of the questionnaire is focuses on the demographic background of the respondents For part B the questionnaire consists of certain questions all divided according to the relevant independent variables. Next , all the potential relevance variable are been covered in this survey questionnaire .In order to get better understanding 5 point scale are been applied in this questionnaire form to get know clearly what the respondent actual think about their personal preferences toward online shopping and to help to reduces the hesitation for the answer may be chooses by respondents This data is used as foundation reading materials to strengthen the understanding the topic research. The secondary data for this paper included journals, books, and article been chooses to provided a lot of insight for the creation of the literature review. In addition, secondary data provided for added credibility to the paper. Research Population and Sample The MMU Melaka students will be represent the population for this research, there will be 200 questionnaire form are filled for the students in campus area of MMU .Those respondents are covered the students in all fields of education background offered by MMU Melaka who have been gone through the online shopping before . Also, the questionnaire was structured in such a way to ensure that the research objective and hypothesis of this research can be achieve . 3.7 Data analysis method Once the all the 200 completed questionnaires are gathered, the data analysis will be done according to the dissertation. Thus, all the data collected from respondents will be analyzed based on descriptive statistical analysis by using the SPSS software so as to obtain a more statistical analysis of the study. One of the strong points of SPSS is that it can perform almost any statistical analysis (Huizing 1994). Basic tests that were used in the beginning of analysis were checking for the central tendency and the dispersion of data. The mean, standard deviation, range and variance was used. There were preliminary tests done for all the sections. Descriptive Analysis: the information obtained for the frequency distribution was from the first section of the questionnaire on the demography; here a frequency table was used to explain it, with mean and standard deviation for some of the data being computed. This was done for the independent, moderator and dependent variables. The statistics  obtained are useful for describing the data, for example. In a study with large data, the summary statistics for the scale variables and measures of the data helps us to manage the data and present it in a summary table. For instance in a cricket match, player records are stored and compared with records of another player. Reliability Analysis:   a measurement is reliable if it reflects mostly true score, relative to the error. The reliability of the scales is analyzed by using Cronbachs Alpha. An alpha above 0.70 is considered as reasonably reliable while an alpha scale above 0.80 is regarded as being perfect. Spearman rank order correlation: measures the strength of association between ranked variable, whether the hypothesized variables are associates with customer satisfaction. Multiple regression analysis: It is used to analyze a single dependent variable with two or more independent variables to test which variables is the most important lead to customer satisfaction in their mobile service provider. CHAPTER 4: DATA ANALYSIS AND FINDING 4.1 Introduction The chapter is divided into three different parts which are descriptive analysis, reliability analysis and results of hypothesis testing. This chapter entails the detailed analysis of variables and also data which were distributed and gathered from the MMU students. Of all 200 questionnaires that were distributed, 200 copies of the completed survey were collected. All 200 surveys form were evaluated and screened for any imperfect or missing data. After checking through the questionnaires for uncompleted as well as unanswered questionnaires, 200 of them were found to be utilizable for the purpose of this research. Data is then analyzed and tabulated for simplicity and easy understanding of the research. 4.2 Descriptive Analysis In this analysis, frequency analysis will be carried out to analyze the demographic aspects in the questionnaires. The 200 survey forms are measured demographically with regards to: Gender of respondents Age group of respondents Nationality of respondents Ethnicity of respondents Faculty of respondents Current year of respondents Respondents do online shopping or not Experience of online shopping towards respondents Amount of expense on online shopping towards respondents Amount of shopping hours on online shopping in a week towards respondents 4.2.1 DEMOGRAPHIC GENDER Table 4.2.1: Gender Gender Frequency Percentage (%) Male 92 46.0 Female 108 54.0

Using your Memory Better :: essays research papers

The task of learning and remembering all the different physical properties of lipids and proteins in Organic Chemistry can be an extremely challenging duty. Being an athletic-training major here at the University of Iowa, it is one of my many obligations to understand and be able to recall such properties very quickly. By using mnemonic strategies, memory aid techniques that use vivid imagery and organization devices, I am able to defeat the challenge in my Organic Chemistry class of getting all the physical properties of lipids and proteins into my Long Term Memory and then recall them whenever I need. In order for me to understand and remember the physical properties of lipids and proteins, I must first relate personal experiences to the information my professor gives. For example, by using the mnemonic strategy of relating an object to an image, also known as the â€Å"peg-word† system, I can remember things such as the structural make up of a saturated fatty acid, a long bumpy tube, versus an unsaturated fatty acid, a bent bumpy tube. Also with this mnemonic strategy, I can remember the structural make up of a Liposome by relating it to what a flower looks like. I can turn the task of remember what an Alpha- Helix protein looks like by associating it to the picture of a spring. A difficult subject to remember is easily turned into something easy by relating them to everyday symbols. This particular mnemonic strategy works extremely well for me because it associates items, such as the structure of Amino Acids, which are harder to understand with items that I can relate to in my everyday life, chains and springs. This technique puts the information I need to know and remember into my own words so to speak. It chunks the information into acronyms that I am familiar with. I am a visual learner, so this strategy is easier for me over others because I am more likely to recognize a picture and relate it to its short form. To get the information about lipids and proteins out of my Long Term Memory I have to do the task of recall, which is the ability to retrieve information not in conscious awareness. There are many ways to in which I can make retrieving information stored in my Long Term Memory easier. One is by putting myself back in the context of where I experienced what I learned. Using your Memory Better :: essays research papers The task of learning and remembering all the different physical properties of lipids and proteins in Organic Chemistry can be an extremely challenging duty. Being an athletic-training major here at the University of Iowa, it is one of my many obligations to understand and be able to recall such properties very quickly. By using mnemonic strategies, memory aid techniques that use vivid imagery and organization devices, I am able to defeat the challenge in my Organic Chemistry class of getting all the physical properties of lipids and proteins into my Long Term Memory and then recall them whenever I need. In order for me to understand and remember the physical properties of lipids and proteins, I must first relate personal experiences to the information my professor gives. For example, by using the mnemonic strategy of relating an object to an image, also known as the â€Å"peg-word† system, I can remember things such as the structural make up of a saturated fatty acid, a long bumpy tube, versus an unsaturated fatty acid, a bent bumpy tube. Also with this mnemonic strategy, I can remember the structural make up of a Liposome by relating it to what a flower looks like. I can turn the task of remember what an Alpha- Helix protein looks like by associating it to the picture of a spring. A difficult subject to remember is easily turned into something easy by relating them to everyday symbols. This particular mnemonic strategy works extremely well for me because it associates items, such as the structure of Amino Acids, which are harder to understand with items that I can relate to in my everyday life, chains and springs. This technique puts the information I need to know and remember into my own words so to speak. It chunks the information into acronyms that I am familiar with. I am a visual learner, so this strategy is easier for me over others because I am more likely to recognize a picture and relate it to its short form. To get the information about lipids and proteins out of my Long Term Memory I have to do the task of recall, which is the ability to retrieve information not in conscious awareness. There are many ways to in which I can make retrieving information stored in my Long Term Memory easier. One is by putting myself back in the context of where I experienced what I learned.