Understanding How The Internet Works Information Technology Essay

Seeing How The Internet Works Information Technology Essay The Internet has been around since the mid 1970s. It was the name given to the framework that associated together the PCs of different Military Institutions, select gathering of research labs, business organizations and colleges through devoted rented 1ines. With the appearance of more current and. quicker PCs, associations leading exploration as well as dynamic business improvement, felt a more noteworthy need to convey information to their interests, through some quick, solid system framework. Subsequently, gradually and consistently, an ever increasing number of associations (explicitly, PCs) were associated with the Inter net. In the mid 1980s with the advancement of smaller than expected PCs, and the rising IBM work area PC, the need to associate frameworks was developing at an astounding pace and thus by late 1980s, actually a huge number of PCs were associated with the Internet. It was for all intents and purposes turning into an apparently incomprehensible undertaking to decide precisely what number of PCs were conveying on the Internet. To additionally fortify the reason for this promising system, nations outside the United States were likewise bustling setting up their own inside systems and were getting associated with the Internet spine. Out of nowhere, the huge separations that data once needed to go with helps, for example, the copy, message and even the messenger administration were shortcircuited by the Internet. Here, data went at almost the speed of light, finding the least bustling door to its goal, guaranteeing that the message was completely flawless by utilizing blunder revision strategie s, utilizing manners by compacting itself in order to make more space on the system for additional information traffic and once arriving at its goal, educating its source, that it has security arrived at its planned spot and with complete message unblemished. The framework was additionally smart enough to know precisely when and where a mistake has happened when the information which was sent didn't arrive at its goal. What is Internet? Web is a PC based overall data systems. The Internet is made out of countless littler interconnected systems. These systems may interface tens, hundreds, or thousands of PCs, empowering them to impart data to one another and to share different assets, for example, incredible supercomputers and databases of data. The Internet has made it feasible for individuals everywhere throughout the world to adequately and modestly speak with one another. In contrast to customary telecom media, for example, radio and TV, the Internet is a decentralized framework. Each associated individual can speak with any other person on the Internet, can distribute thoughts, and can sell items with a base overhead expense. The Internet has carried new open door for organizations to offer merchandise and enterprises on the web. Later on, it might have a similarly sensational effect on advanced education as more colleges offer Internet-based courses. The systems from which the Internet is formed are normally free systems, implying that the assets of the system can be imparted to anybody signing on to, or getting to, the system. Different kinds of systems, called intranets, are shut to open use. Intranets are the most well-known sort of PC arrange utilized in organizations and associations where it is essential to confine access to the data contained on the system. How the Internet Works? The Internet depends on the idea of a customer server connection between PCs, likewise called customer/server design. In a customer/server design, a few PCs go about as data suppliers (servers), while different PCs go about as data beneficiaries (customers). The customer/server design isn't coordinated that is, a solitary customer PC may get to various servers, and a solitary server might be gotten to by various distinctive customer PCs. Preceding the mid-1990s, servers were generally ground-breaking PCs, for example, centralized server or supercomputers, with incredibly high handling rates and a lot of memory. PCs and workstations, in any case, are presently equipped for going about as Internet servers because of advances in figuring innovation. A customer PC is any PC that gets data from a server. A customer PC might be a PC, a pared-down PC (some of the time called a Web apparatus), or a remote gadget, for example, a handheld PC or a phone. To get to data on the Internet, a client should initially sign on, or associate, to the customer PCs have arrange. A host organize is a system that the customer PC is a piece of, and is normally a neighborhood (LAN). When an association has been built up, the client may demand data from a remote server. In the event that the data mentioned by the client dwells on one of the PCs on the host organize, that data is immediately recovered and sent to the clients terminal. On the off chance that the data mentioned by the client is on a server that doesn't have a place with the host LAN, at that point the host organize associates with different systems until it makes an association with the system containing the mentioned server. During the time spent interfacing with different systems, the host may need to get to a switch, a gadget that decides the best association way among systems and causes systems to make associations. When the customer PC makes an association with the server containing the mentioned data, the server sends the data to the customer as a document. A unique PC program called a program empowers the client to see the document. Instances of Internet programs are Mosaic, Netscape, and Internet Explorer. Interactive media documents must be seen with a program. Their pared-down partners, text-no one but records, can be seen without programs. Numerous documents are accessible in both interactive media and text-just forms. The way toward recovering documents from a remote server to the clients terminal is called downloading. One of the qualities of the Internet is that it is organized around the idea of hypertext. The term hypertext is utilized to depict an interlinked arrangement of records in which a client may hop starting with one archive then onto the next in a nonlinear, affiliated way. The capacity to bounce starting with one archive then onto the next is made conceivable using hyperlinks-parts of the hypertext record that are connected to other related reports on the Internet. By tapping on the hyperlink, the client is quickly associated with the report indicated by the connection. Sight and sound records on the Internet are called hypermedia archives. Getting to the Internet Access to the Internet falls into two general classifications: committed access and dial-up get to. With devoted access, the PC is legitimately associated with the Internet by means of a switch, or the PC is a piece of a system connected to the Internet. With dial-up get to, a PC interfaces with the Internet with a brief association, for the most part over a phone line utilizing a modem-a gadget that changes over a PCs advanced signs into signals that can be transmitted over customary phone lines. Computerized signals are comprised of discrete units, while most phone lines are simple, implying that they convey signals that are consistent rather than discrete. When a sign has gone via phone line, a subsequent modem is required at the opposite stopping point to reconvert the transmitted signs from simple to advanced. Incredible numerous organizations, called Internet Service Providers (ISPs), give dial-up or committed access to the Internet for a humble expense. Instances of ISPs are A merica Online (AOL), the Microsoft Network (MSN), and CompuServe. Todays User Today, with the advancement of the work area PCs which currently pack the preparing intensity of the minis and principle edges of the late 70s and early80s are as yet developing all the more remarkable equaling the handling intensity of the workstation, PCs have gone in a different direction in their applications. Gone are the days when PCs were being utilized for unremarkable word handling, little scope bookkeeping on a spreadsheet or independent databases. Clients are presently programming and making their own applications. For example, utilization of graphical programming is on an exponential ascent, work area distributing is being looked for after, and different administration apparatuses are being utilized. These days, the normal client of PCs has gotten substantially more requesting. The world has become significantly more PC proficient, and in any case, PCs have either as of now attacked our life or is going to. It is inescapable that in the following five years there won't be an individual who has, not go over a PC. Requirement for a Global Communication System The need to impart is growing. Individuals from conventional different backgrounds to bad-to-the-bone PC clients, are speaking with one another electronically. An ever increasing number of databases are going ahead line. Data from moderately basic administrations, for example, electronic mail to perusing research articles by some physicist a large number of miles away are for the most part accessible on line which has encouraged the client to accomplish undertakings in the blink of an eye just through the kindness of the Internet. What is Money? From the outset sight the response to this inquiry appears glaringly evident; the man or lady in the road would concede to coins and banknotes, yet would they acknowledge them from any nation? Shouldn't something be said about checks? They would likely be less ready to acknowledge them than their own countrys coins and notes however bank cash (for example anything for which you can compose a check) really represents by a wide margin the best extent by estimation of the all out flexibly of cash. Shouldn't something be said about I.O.U.s (I owe you), charge cards and gold? The highest quality level has a place with history however even today in numerous rich individuals in various pieces of the world would prefer to keep a portion of their riches as gold than in authentic, swelling inclined monetary forms. The appeal of gold, from a stylish perspective,

2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

2 - Essay Example The court essentially manages instances of genuine criminal offenses like homicide, assault and burglary. A few cases are moved from the magistrates’ court and others are advance against the sentences of the judge courts. The case is placed before the appointed authority and the jury by the indictment legal counselor and from that point the preliminary starts. Within the sight of the person in question and the respondent, the separate legal counselors present their rendition upheld by observers to the criminal demonstration. Subsequent to hearing both the sides, the jury examines the primary concerns among themselves and goes to certain outcome which is then imparted to the appointed authority, with all significant data that helped reach to that resolution. This decision is then declared by the adjudicator to both the gatherings giving significant lawful provisos under which the judgment is reached. The discipline is either declared on a similar day or some later day as fixed by the directing appointed authority. The Prosecution advodate is the person who begins the criminal procedures in the interest of the person in question, against the individual who should have carried out or executed the wrongdoing and discloses to the court what the respondent is blamed for. He is capable to the court to demonstrate his case with steady confirmations. The Defendant counselor then again, follows up in the interest of the individual who is blamed for the said offense or wrongdoing. His fundamental obligation is to show to the court that prosecution’s contentions are sufficiently bad to demonstrate his customer liable and that there might be different clarifications too. He does as such by calling attention to at the likely imperfections of the confirmations created. The Jury is significant piece of the court procedures. The jury comprises of twelve individuals who hear the instance of the two gatherings with no inclinations. The two fundamental gatherings, the person in question and the respondent are both obscure to the jury individuals and that is the primary explanation that they can all in all go to some solid judgment

Typhoon, Wedding

Typhoon, Wedding For most of the past month, I was traveling in southeast Asia, a trip inspired by a friends wedding in Malaysia. It was a hot and steamy holiday, but well worth the visit and time away from the office. Im still catching up on email and various projects Im behind on since returning from Asia, but I thought Id share with you some photos from my trip. The trip brought me to Thailand, Singapore, Malaysia, Hong Kong, and Taiwan over three great weeks. As this was purely a vacation, I decided to not do any work on my trip (though I do hope to do a work-related visit to Asia sometime in the future). Thailand The first stop was Thailand. I spent some time in Bangkok, took an elephant ride in the countryside, and took a boat ride on some rural canals and visited the Floating Market. I feel like such a nerd for taking a picture of the engine, but it was very cool all of the boat engines were converted from used Honda car engines. I think we need to admit more people from Thailand =) The Floating Market itself has become touristy, but it was still very cool to see. It was the one locale on my trip that my grandfather said I must not miss. At the Sriracha Tiger Zoo (where I had some issues with their treatment of some animals, but thats another story), I got to feed what appears to be a three-headed camel. Im not sure what a three-headed camel would do guard the Philosophers Stone? Be a network authentication protocol? And you cant go to Thailand without seeing some of their incredibly beautiful Buddhist temples. Here is the Temple of the Emerald Buddha, just before the ceremonial changing of the Buddhas robes by the Prince of Thailand. Singapore The next stop was Singapore, a city-state that Ive never visited before but feel like I have, since Ive seen so many applications from here. It was more beautifully colorful and lushly green than I had expected, and was full of interesting places. One of the most interesting buildings I saw was the Esplanade, Singapores theater and concert hall (unlike Bostons Esplanade, which is a riverside park). It was very cool, even though it looked like two giant durians. A detail from a Hindu temple in Singapores Chinatown. Malaysia From Singapore it was across the Straits of Johor to Malaysia. This detail from a Chinese Buddhist temple in Melakas Chinatown was equally as intricate and beautiful as the Hindu temple in Singapore. As you may have read, smoke from fires in nearby Sumatra, Indonesia, has been obscuring the skies in Malaysia. It was hard to see the Kuala Lumpur (KL) skyline, including the famous Petronas Towers. Closer in, though, I was able to get this nice shot of the Towers reflected in another office building. Nerd alert again this tin dredge at the Muzium Negara was too cool not to examine for a long time, and photograph. Hong Kong After Malaysia, it was off to Hong Kong. Heres me atop the Peak in Hong Kong, with my MIT shirt. One of the most famous buildings in Hong Kong is the Bank of China building, designed by IM Pei 40. Its so famous, its even on the back of the HK$20 bill. Thats not the only MIT-design on a bill: check out the back of a US$5 and youll find Daniel Chester French 1871s sculpture of Abraham Lincoln, within the Lincoln Memorial. It so happened that my visit to Hong Kong coincided with the HK Comics Festival Game Fair. As you can see from the second picture above, the line was huge, so I didnt even bother trying to go in. Apparently, the festival brought in 400,000 people! Contest time! There was a big Cosplay competition at the festival, with many amazing costumes. Probably the best costume I saw was the above picture. However, I unfortunately know very little about Manga/Anime, so I ask you: who are these two dressed as? Winner gets a mention on the blog, or something =) Taiwan Then I flew across the Taiwan Strait to, well, Taiwan, home of the worlds best shaved ice. Coincidentally, right after I returned to the US, the New York Times ran an article on shaved ice in New York City (close, but no cigar). Taiwan is also home to awesome night markets, and at one I found an arcade with this awesome drumming video game (I call it DDR: Drum Drum Revolution, although a Google search makes me think its an arcade version of Taiko Drum Master). As you can tell, I was intense about this game. At Bali (outside of Taipei), I snapped this sunset photo. Little did I know that the dynamic colors were foreshadowing the arrival of Typhoon Matsa Despite the typhoon I still managed to see Taipei, including the National Theater (above), thanks to this handy Doraemon umbrella. [Doraemon history by Anime/Manga expert Eri Izawa 92] Malaysia (Part II) The trips final stop was back to Malaysia, for the wedding of my friend. Above, the groom places the ring on the bride at the Nikah. USA Im back home now, but tomorrow Ill be crossing the border to the nation of Jury Duty. I dont know when Ill be back

Abraham Lincoln And A New Birth Of Freedom - 851 Words

On April 20th I ventured out to Howard University to visit the renowned Founders library. After signing into the guest book in the library, I set out exploring through the book stacks for a book that spiked my interest. After around twenty minutes I laid my eyes on a book titled â€Å"Abraham Lincoln and a New Birth of Freedom; The Union and Slavery in the Diplomacy of the Civil War† by Howard Jones. While I have studied the civil war in high school history class, my studies focused more on the actual war and its outcomes, rather than the tension leading to the outbreak of war. The book focused on the role of Abraham Lincoln on civil war diplomacy along with how the events specifically regarding slavery through the 1850’s contributed to the increase of sectionalism and the outbreak of the Civil War. I focused my reading on examining the role of slavery in inciting the civil war. The basic premise behind this discussion was that the nation was split into two parts based on Agriculture and Industrialization. The north relied on getting raw goods from south such that they could create processed goods with their strong industry and manufacturing, while the south focused on producing the raw goods through their slave power and agriculture. However, while the north relied on slavery in the south to produce raw goods, they could also obtain raw goods from other nations and hence their economy was not limited by the south, and most importantly by slavery. On the other hand, the southernShow MoreRelatedThe Battle Of Gettysburg And The Civil War970 Words   |  4 Pagescontinent a new nation, conceived in liberty and dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal†. One of the most well-known and 16th president of the United States stated these words at the Battle of Ge ttysburg. A two-minute speech that made such an emotional and passionate impact on the men then and future. He created a dramatic tone to empower, motivate, and engage in the new found nation where men were created equal. A purpose of his speech was about the birth of a new nation, butRead MoreThe Nature Of The Gettysburg Address By Abraham Lincoln741 Words   |  3 PagesUnited States, Abraham Lincoln, which is one of the best representations of American history. It was produced by Lincoln during the Civil War, on November 19, 1863, at the commitment of the Soldiers’ National Cemetery in Gettysburg, Pennsylvania. Abraham Lincoln carefully arranges the Address, which was not planned to be as important as other presentations that day; the Gettysburg Address ended up being one of his greatest and most important scripts just over two minutes. Lincoln repeated the equalityRead MoreEssay Comparing the Gettysburg Address and Ginsbergs America1531 Words   |  7 PagesComparing the Gettysburg Address and Ginsbergs America      Ã‚   Many writers have considered the identity of America. Two remarkable writers of two different time periods have shouldered this. They created two important works. The first, Abraham Lincoln; a great leader in the midst of an incredible time of change and confusion, delivered the Gettysburg Address to an assembly that came to him saddened and horrified by the trials of war. These same people left, changed, that day from the cemeteryRead MoreCompare And Contrast The Gettysburg Address And I Have A Dream Speech1065 Words   |  5 PagesTwo Powerful Speeches â€Å"When we allow freedom to ring -when we let it ring from every city and every hamlet, from every state and every city, we will be able to speed up that day when all of God’s children...will be able to join hands and sing†¦Ã¢â‚¬  This is the, slightly shortened, end quote of the famous I Have a Dream speech by. The Gettysburg address was a major turning point in American history for the topic of slavery. Martin Luther King Jrs I Have a Dream speech assisted in this Civil Rights movementRead MoreAmerican Civil War Research Paper1118 Words   |  5 PagesSouthern slave states and the United States federal government. Southern states formed a group called the Confederacy, which went against the beliefs of the Union. Jefferson Davis of the Confederate States of America and Abraham Lincoln sought different views on slavery. Lincoln believed that all slaves should be emancipated and advocated the restoration of the Union. The Fugitive Slave Law of 1850 supported the belief that all slaves who escaped, once captured were to be returned to their ownersRead MoreAbraham Lincoln : An Influential President1572 Words   |  7 PagesAbraham Lincoln: An Influential President When you hear the name Abraham Lincoln, what is the first thing that comes to your mind? Do you think of a tall, slender man with an enormous top hat? Do you think of his devotion to the abolition of slavery? Abraham Lincoln contributed to more than one can imagine. He was the president of the United States during a time of colossal distress, the Civil War, and he paved the way for a great number of changes. Abraham Lincoln was a powerful figure whoRead MoreAbraham Lincoln s The Battle Of Gettysburg984 Words   |  4 Pagesoffice, Abraham Lincoln faced an almost unsurmountable task. Not only did Lincoln try to eradicate the idea of a human owning another human, but he also had to keep unity among the country. With a civil war raging, and a divided country in anarchy, Lincoln did not have the odds in his favor. After the Battle of Gettysburg, Lincoln took a step back to show everybody, through the Gettysburg Address, the doom that America will face if it were to continue down t he path that it is heading. Lincoln didn’tRead MoreThe Gettysburg Address By President Abraham Lincoln1221 Words   |  5 PagesThe Gettysburg Address was a speech composed and addressed by President Abraham Lincoln in 1863, at the time of the political fight in Gettysburg Pennsylvania. At that time, Abraham Lincoln was the President of the United States. He was also the President who led America through the Civil War. During the Civil War, at Gettysburg, some soldiers died protecting the nation. This was mentioned in Lincoln’s speech, which was meant to be dedicated to the soldiers who died defending their people. He spokeRead MoreEssay about The Reconstruction Era: The Planted Seeds1231 Words   |  5 Pageshave a new birth of freedom† (Baslor). These wise words of Abraham Lincoln cleared the way of a desolate trail of violence and pain, yet he was determined to accomplish his plans of abolishing slavery and creating equality. The Civil War, began in 1861 an d ended in 1865, yet it was known as one of the bloodiest wars America has ever walked through compared to other American Wars (â€Å"Civil War Facts†). After the Civil War the Reconstruction Era rose up and flourished into a luminous path of freedom forRead MoreAbraham Lincoln Reaffirmed the Values of Our Founding Fathers678 Words   |  3 Pagesnine years ago, Abraham Lincoln, our sixteenth President of the United States of America, set off for Gettysburg in order to consecrate Gettysburg National Cemetery. In an uncharacteristically short speech-at least for the 1860s-Lincoln was able to reaffirm the values our Founding Fathers had laid down in the Declaration of Independence as well as the Constitution, and painted a vision of a unified United States where freedom and democracy would be the rule for all citizens. Lincoln utilized various

My High School Spring Fling - 1222 Words

The ritual that I have chosen to write about is my old High School Spring Fling. Music, food, dancing, and punch sounds like a night of fun. that what you call university high school spring fling. It’s a spring party that happens in late April. Students and teachers have a half of day that ends at 12 pm. We all go off to the gym for the remaining of the day to have fun. this day party is hosted by the upcoming senior class in hopes to help raise money for the current senior class. They throw this party so that the money that is raised helps pay for any last minute things for the current senior class. All the staff and students but attend and they must wear the school colors as well. The upcoming senior class always sell snacks and drinks†¦show more content†¦The goal is for individuals to feel apart and feel like one or as the school as one. The school wanted to make sure that they have this spring fling in a safe environment. He also speaks about rituals and values a nd I think it relates to the spring fling. I think it relates because we wear the school colors to promote pride and to show that we value the school that we attend. Everyone is in attendance so that’s how we know who is valued and respected in both regards to the student and the staff. Which is what Collins was saying in his essay â€Å"the group must assemble† which is what we do when the spring fling is held every year. This event shows that we are a unity and that we are equal in our own Phoenix community. You have grades mixing with other grade, teachers mixing with other teachers and it’s the maybe only time you see the principle or leader of the school relaxed and enjoying himself. This spring fling is the tradition. A spring fling is an event that all four years of my high school I really enjoyed. It was something that most individuals and even myself really looked forward to everywhere. I looked forward to meeting new students, teachers and just being able to feel the unity. It felt as If we were one big tight family. Studies may show that the average kid spends most of their time at school. Which I see to be very true because school is where I spent 8 hours of my day. In that school, I felt the solidarity that Collins speak about in hisShow MoreRelatedUrban Ministries Of Wake County s Mission Statement1629 Words   |  7 Pagesto contact in order to receive medications for the patients. My resources are the phone, computer, the Pharmacy Connection system, and my supervisor. â€Æ' Some individuals at Urban Ministries cannot balance their schedule such as their personal and work life. They are not 100% committed to the organization because they have other priorities. For example, some volunteers or interns cannot make it to their shifts due to school, family, or personal reasons. In this case, it is difficultRead MoreMean Girls : A Homeschooled Girl From Africa Essay1333 Words   |  6 PagesIn the movie Mean Girls, Cady Heron a homeschooled girl from Africa. She is now entering public school for the first time, she meets the â€Å"best people you will meet,† Janis, a supposedly lesbian girl; and Damian, a boy â€Å"too gay to function.† Cady is warned to avoid the Plastics-- a clique comprised of three girls: gretchen Wieners, a girl who’s rich because her father invented toaster strudel; Karen Smith, the â€Å"dumbest girl you will ever meet,† and Regina George, the unofficial leader and the meanestRead MoreStarting College Is An Exciting Time For Everyone You1143 Words   |  5 Pagesstudents who attend SPC. According to Rate My Professor, the St. Petersburg College Tarpon Springs campus’ two weakest components are â€Å"Social† and â€Å"Clubs,† scoring only a 3.3 and 3.2 out of 5 (RateMyProfessor.com, 2017). The two key themes that we noticed when observing and researching were a lack of communication/advertising and the club’s poor availability to the students. It is apparent that there is a lack of a social student body at the Tarpon Springs campus, and one note to point out is thatRead MoreMean Girls Movie Analysis1770 Words   |  8 Pagesbrings back the awful memories of high school- but in a comedic light that lets everyone relate. Like in Girl World, serious themes in a comedy have to be done secretly. The film has many serious themes that it covers in a wide variety of ways. Mean Girls has become a cultural phenomenon- referenced by stars such as Mariah Carey and a quote from the movie ending up on President Barack Obama’s twitter in 2013 â€Å"Bo, stop trying to make fetch happen.† (Obama). Despite my, and others’ criticisms of the filmRead MoreMean Girls Transcript11749 Words   |  47 Pagesfans out there. Every piece of dialogue, all the quotes, the whole shebang.   I know, I know, I still need to get the character names in   there...Im workin on it, trust me.  Ã‚   If you have any corrections, feel free to drop me a line. You wont hurt my feelings. Honest. Swing by Drews Script-O-Rama for more free movie scripts! Mean Girls Transcript This is your lunch, OK? Read MoreEssay on Blake Snyder Beat Sheet3371 Words   |  14 Pagesseen is of a girl’s parents telling their daughter goodbye and to have a good first day at school. The girl’s mother is crying because unlike most kids her daughter has never been to a real school. She is sixteen years old and has been homeschooled all her life. Theme stated: â€Å"I had a lot of friends in Africa. But so far, none in Evanston.† This line basically foreshadows how she has no friends at her new school so far†¦ Which tells us she will meet new friends and people and that we’ll just have toRead MoreAnalysis Of The Poem Easter 2124 Words   |  9 Pageshated the name? Even if it was unfair or unflattering? When I was a child, my family called me â€Å"Lynnie† instead of plain old Lynn. Lynnie evolved into â€Å"Lynnie the Pooh† (instead of Winnie the Pooh), then â€Å"Pooh Bear† and eventually just â€Å"Pooh†. Oh, it seemed harmless enough coming out of the mouths of my parents or grandparents, but my three brothers could make that one syllable â€Å"Pooh† seem nasty and menacing. My dad called me â€Å"Pastor Pooh† after I was ordained – I could tell that he had beenRead MoreMy Family And Family Life2777 Words   |  12 Pages With the power of h indsight I have come to understand the effect that my family and family life has had on the person I was, on the person I am, and on the person I hope to eventually become. On the day of my birth, I was welcomed into that proverbial, â€Å"†¦it takes a village to raise a child†. I had two parents that loved me. Maternal grandparents that ensured that I knew the love of the Holy Trinity. Neighbors who looked after me. Close family friends that I would end up calling â€Å"Aunt† and Uncle†Read MoreAn Analysis on Community: A US TV Deries2401 Words   |  10 Pagescontexts introduced on the block, and not previously discussed in the first section, and illustrate how it can inform the understanding and practice of the chosen media product. The purpose of my essay is to examine the how â€Å"Community† manipulates genre, and whether or not this show can be defined as a Sitcom. My aim is to take a look at the television series through its construction and the way in which Community plays with different genres. I will also examine the way conventional genres are not consideredRead MoreEssay on The Theme of Freedom in Poetry2575 Words   |  11 Pagesrhyming technique gives the poem a religious feel; the rhythm and the repetition of certain words (soar, alas, deprived) add to the effect of chanting. The use of alliteration provides another rhyming effect (lain and languished, roll through my ravished ears, gift of natures God, sacred sun) throughout the poem, lending a sense of endlessness and continuation. The petition to Heaven reinforces the religious theme; the poem is written as a 1st person narrative, a plea from an individual

Anthropology Free Essays

â€Å"From ruttier to rummies: A Contribution toward the Ethnography of Peeling. † In Cultural Anthropology: A Sampler. Up. We will write a custom essay sample on Anthropology or any similar topic only for you Order Now :19-22. 2. Elliot Rolling objectives for the article were to observe male urinating behaviors In public restrooms. I believe he did meet his objectives because he was able to observe them Pee. 3. As stated before, the method that Rings used to research his topic was to observe males urinate. I feel Like watching people pee could make people uncomfortable, mad, or actually elate their privacy. Although, the only way to actually understand the culture behind males urinating is to actually observe their behaviors so I think that his method was inappropriate but necessary. 4. The author’s findings started off not in the bathroom, but actually led up to why a male goes into the bathroom. While in a social group, one must withdraw themselves from the group by some sort of excuse or statement like saying, â€Å"l have to go to the bathroom. † He further discusses that bathrooms could also be used as a social setting. For example, in high school hanging UT in the hall ways was not allowed, yet if students met up in the bathrooms, they could hangout and talk without the disturbance of a teacher. Going on, he discovers that â€Å"peeing is the activity primarily intended by†¦ Males†. He discovers that men prefer to have there own personal space of one urinal to the left and right. This becomes violated when one another know each other. Another key fact that Rings realizes is that during the act of peeing, one must look forward and keep they’re eyes to themselves. If one was to look at another man, this might â€Å"invite the suspicion of nonsexual interest. † Also, he notices the â€Å"shaking of the penis† to get the last drops out, even though no matter how much shaking you do, when you finish up and walk out the bathroom, the last drops of pee come out and onto your pants. He concludes that Americans value three things: privacy, masculinity, and cool. And infers that â€Å"elimination patters are intimately linked with a cultures system of values. † 5. I think that the significance of the work is trying to understand how people learn the etiquette of using the bathroom without formally being taught. In class we learned bout ethnography, which is the description of a culture through an observer. In the article, a man was observing males Pee. 6. I evaluate this work as an Interesting topic because many people would not think twice about the fact that there was so much that went Into public etiquette. If I were conducting this experiment I would have test subject stand at certain urinals and see which urinals random strangers would consistently use to get better and accurate Information. Anthropology By agrarian 2 October 2013 1. Orrin Elliot 1975 â€Å"From Ruttier to Rummies: A Contribution toward the Ethnography of Peeing. In Cultural Anthropology: A Sampler. Up. Elliot Rings objectives for the article were to observe male urinating behaviors in public restrooms. I believe he did feel like watching people pee could make people uncomfortable, mad, or actually realizes is that during the act of peeing, one must look forward and keep they’re eyes article, a man was observing males Pee. 6. I evaluate this work as an interesting topic that went into public etiquette. If I were conducting this experiment I would have test consistently use to get better and accurate information. How to cite Anthropology, Papers Anthropology Free Essays ANTH100 Assignment 1 Heather Hartwig American Military University October 21, 2012 Assignment 1 1) Discuss what evolution is in terms of physical anthropology. Evolution refers to â€Å"change over time†. In terms of physical anthropology, evolution is changes over time in living organisms. We will write a custom essay sample on Anthropology or any similar topic only for you Order Now This means that living things have passed their traits from one generation to the next. There are very little changes that occur with each generation, but over time these changes accumulate in each living organism. It is believed that all life on Earth has common ancestry that lived more than 3. 5 billions of years ago (Park, 2008). 2) Define evolution. Evolution is defined as the idea or scientific theory that was proposed by Charles Darwin. Darwin believed that all species changed and evolved by natural selection from the same common ancestors. Evolution simply means that a species undergoes genetic change over time. Over many generations a species can evolve into something different. These changes take place because of changes in DNA, which originated as mutations. Not all species evolve at the same rate. The theory of evolution does not prove that species will constantly evolve or how fast the species will change when it does (Park, 2008). 3) Discuss what a physical anthropologist may examine/investigate in order to study evolution. Paleoanthropology is a branch of paleontology that falls under physical anthropology. Paleoanthropologists study extinct primates and fossils. They use these examinations to further investigate the evolution of humans. They examine ancient humans, like the anthropoids. Anthropoids are considered humans closest relative and have been linked to human evolution (Coyne, 2009). 4) Discuss ‘how’ a physical anthropologist would study your answer for Q3 and why it is helpful for studying evolution. Paleoanthropologists are able to study evolution by examining fossils and ancient humans. They do this by investigating the fossil record and continue to make additions all the time. The first identifiable multicellular organism formed about 585 million years ago. The earliest fossil of the primate can go back before the extinction of the dinosaur over 65 million years ago. Bones and teeth were discovered in Montana and Wyoming (Park, 2008). Even though there was primate like evidence before the dinosaur extinction, (Shipman, 2012). 5) Find at least one outside source related to your answer for Q3 and Q4 (e. g. the genome project for DNA- do not use this example in your paper since it is provided for you). My outside source for questions 3 and 4 is a journal by Pat Shipman titled Fossils. This journal was published in The New Scientist Vol. 215, Issue 2876, p. 8-16. 6) Briefly describe the source and how is it helpful for examining/investigating evolution. It is a journal that discusses fossils of early life and evolution. It gives facts and information pertaining to the timelines, type and the formation of fossils. 7) Choose a second subfield of anthropology – cultural, linguistic, or archaeology. I chose Archaeology as my second subfield of anthropology. 8) Discuss how an anthropologist in this subfield would study evolution. Park defines archaeology as a subfield of anthropology that studies the past culture of humans and reconstructs the past cultural systems that existed. He goes on to say that they study cultures and people that are no longer living (Park, 2008). Archaeology reconstructs past cultural systems. Archaeology began as a method of identifying places and objects that were already known from historical records. It has become a very resourceful means of discovering new information not only about the historical period but also about years beyond the reach of written investigational facts. The purpose of archaeology is not only to recover ancient artifacts but to identify the relationship that these objects may have had with early human life. It also shows how early human primates and modern humans are closely related. 9) Discuss what an anthropologist from your chosen subfield may examine/investigate in order to study evolution. Archaeologists have investigated fossils and remains of early humans and primates to show how human posture has changed over the years. The information that has been collected shows us a timeline of how much we have evolved since the discovery of the earliest human remains (Park, 2008). 10) Discuss ‘how’ an anthropologist from your chosen subfield would study your answer for Q9, and why it is helpful for studying evolution. Archaeologists have reconstructed human and primate remains that they have discovered to show how closely we are related to each other. They have used the information that they discovered to prove that humans have evolved from and can be compared to the primate species. Compared to earlier species, modern humans have evolved into a more upright species. Early humans were found to have a more curved posture (Palmer, 2010). The archaeological information that is recorded proves that there is another explanation for our species other than what is believed by many. The Bible teaches that we were created by God. However, archaeologists make a strong case that contradicts what the Bible teaches. 11) Find at least one outside source related to your answer for Q9 and Q10. My source for questions 9 and 10 is Origins Human Evolution Revealed by Douglas Palmer. 2) Briefly describe the source and how is it helpful for examining/investigating evolutionThis book goes into detail on the story of the origins of the human species. It goes into detail about the journey of apes and humans. It compares and contrasts the differences as well as the similarities between early human species and the modern human species. 13) Discuss how the study of evolution between physic al anthropology and your chosen subfield compare and contrast. Paleoanthropology and archaeology go hand in hand, because they both study fossils, extinct primates and the remains of early humans. They generally work together when investigating a site where artifacts have been discovered. The team work and information that is provided between paleoanthropology and archaeology gives us a better understanding of how humans have evolved into the modern species that we are today. 14) Conclude by discussing one new piece of information you learned about evolution. The one piece of information that I have learned about evolution is that I cannot solely base my understanding of how the human species became based off of my beliefs from the Bible. I understand now that scientific research has given factual information on how humans can and have evolved from ancient remains of primates and early humans. I will maintain that I believe that God did create us to an extent. However, I think that his creations have continued to evolve into the species that are here on earth today. References Palmer, Douglas. 2010. Origins human evolution revealed. Octopus Books, USA. New York, NY. Park, Michael A. 2008. Introducing anthropology an integrated approach. Fourth edition. McGraw-Hill. New York, NY. Shipman, Pat. 2012. Fossils. The new scientist. Vol. 215, Issue 2876, p. 8-16. How to cite Anthropology, Papers Anthropology Free Essays Anthropology is the scientific study of humans as social organisms and how they interact with each other in a social gathering or community set up. It entails the study of humans past, present and evolution of the cultural, physical stature, linguistic traits and archaeology. An anthropologist interest lies in comprehending human diversity and way of life in an explicit manner. We will write a custom essay sample on Anthropology or any similar topic only for you Order Now The four main branches of anthropology which include biological, cultural, archaeology and linguistic clearly elaborate what it entails to be human (Lavenda-2013). Biological anthropology talks of how the evolution of humans is genetically influenced and not enhanced by the surroundings. Cultural anthropology is centered on the study of structural system of individuals sharing a common belief or norm. Linguistic anthropology majorly revolves round the psychology of speech, structure and function in humans. Lastly, archaeology is based on the systematic revealing of fossils through excavation, dating the fossils to determine the period of usage and analysis. Anthropology mainly seeks to familiarize the unfamiliar with proven facts and provide knowledge that deciphers facts from fiction.Cultural anthropology is a very enticing concept of anthropology because it does not only enable one to accept and appreciate cultural diversity but also develop globally conscious individuals. As mentioned earlier, this aspect of anthropology explicitly studies human cultures, belief, daily routine, values, ideas, technical economies and domains of social and cognitive organization (Lavenda-2010). There are two means by which an anthropologist can study culture due to its abstract nature; empiricist approach, whereby he mainly relies on observation of the human behavior in a particular community set-up and subjective approach in which the researcher understands the structure of ideas and meanings that exist in a member a certain culture. The primitive perception that I personally had about humanity has been scraped off as a result of the in-depth study of cultural anthropology. Individuals and communities were initially characterized by their social, economical and political factors within their localities. Evolutionism has showed a conceptual comprise due to the easy interaction of individuals as a result of the modern evolution of technology that has made every corner of the world accessible to any person. The level of interactions between individuals from a similar ecology niche has almost become non-existence due to the replacement with television programs, movies and social electronic devices. Despite this, the social interaction circle has grown larger as a result of technology which enables an individual interact with more people different from parts of the world over a short period of time. This study has personally helped me get over the notion that Muslims are associated with terrorism. I initially felt fear when I was in an environment filled with Muslims; well, not Muslims alone but any individual wearing a veil. This mostly applied to Muslim women that wear the veils covering up their faces, leaving out the eyes. I can attribute this fear from to the society I grew in; I was used to my Christian community before I came to campus. The laws and beliefs we had were so strict that we feared other dominions, this seclusion was driven into us by the clergy; to make us believe that people that had different beliefs and practices were potential risks and could harm us at any time. The primitive notion that was instilled in me always had a bearing to this question; if they are good people, why do they find it relevant to cover their faces that much? The definite answer was that they had something to hide; not only secrets but sinister motives. Religious profiling and the threats that came to our country and get aired on national television also cultivated the fear in me. It would have never reached this point if my parents would not have been reacting to the issue with so much disgust as they used to do. My elementary and high school environments were more or less the same because all my schooling up to university level were based in the same strictly Christian district. There were some primitive practices we used to do that I now see them to have been very hurting if not shameful to the face of evolution and humanity at large; there was no shaking of hands or exchanging pleasantries with non-Christians, no accepting gifts from them and worst still, avoid all conversations. I can’t imagine that I would literally snob them! I must admit that I had a tough time adjusting to the campus environment. I was always tensed in my first semesters when a non Christian would sit next t me. I remember a particular case when I came to a lecture late and found all seats occupied except one; next to Sikh, I literally missed that 2 hour lecture and had to struggle with my continuous assessment test. It is during that course that I made a turning point and my point was later boosted when I got to learn about anthropology. The struggle I had in my first continuous assessment test was the same one I had in the second. Ironically, the Sikh boy who I was evading was the same one that noticed my problem and came to help. At first I was adamant but with lack of options I thought; why not give it a try. I must admit that that is the sweetest memory I hold dear and use it to enlighten my rural folk later on. With that act of compassion I learnt that religion does or dress code does not define someone’s character. Study of anthropology has helped know the value that I hold about my culture and the justifications I give to the are the same ones that any other person would give in support to their religion and culture. It also taught me that judging or profiling others because f ethnicity and background is a heinous notion; if everyone was to discriminate then the world would be an unbearable place to stay. All we could be witnessing are endless fights and ultimate wars. Cultural anthropology thus, aims at enabling the native of a particular culture objectively and rationally understands their own culture to deduce what makes them stand out from the other cultural groups hence upholding the aspect of self acceptance. Besides, it enables one apply the knowledge gained from familiarizing with different cultures to alleviate human challenges and misconceptions rather than causing ethnic conflicts. The collective study of different cultures enables scholars to identify the similarities and unique aspect of various cultures, hence embracing diversity.References:Robert H LavendaCore concept in cultural anthropologyRobert H LavendaAnthropology: What does it mean to be human? How to cite Anthropology, Papers Anthropology Free Essays Since the term human in nonscientific and it is open to interpretation, many people have different views on it. We each individually define a human in a deferent manner. Some people might view modern humans as a species that Is superior to any other; others might view humans as not even belonging to the animal kingdom! In reality, we are the cousins of the apes! Fossil records have shown the slow evolution of apes to humans. We will write a custom essay sample on Anthropology or any similar topic only for you Order Now Humans to me are as much a part of the animal kingdom as a cat is. We may have some distinguished traits that other species might not have such as walking upright, our well-developed brains, and ability of speech but we are still primates. To me, a human is defined as many things. We are quite different than other primate. We were once considered as being an Incredibly unique animal but recent studies have shown that we share common traits with other primates. One very distinct trait that modern humans have is bipedal. Humans are able to walk very long distances walking upright It is our main locomotion. Bipedal has many advantages. It frees our fore limbs so we can do other tasks as we are walking. It also is an energy saver. It doesn’t require as much energy to walk as if we walked with all four limbs. Bipedal also helps triangulation. It dramatically reduces direct sun exposure and reduces heat loss. Another physical trait that humans have Is well-developed brains. Modern humans cranial capacity Is about 1350 c to 1400 c. We are able to solve problems, fulfill tasks and easily learn skills. Because of our large complex brains, it requires a slower development. We need a longer period for learning and for practicing. A long Juvenile period made humans more dependent on parents for a longer amount of time but it favors humans In the long run; It delays reproduction, which creates a longer life span. Modern humans are not only physically different from other primates but we are also behaviorally different. For survival It is essential for division of labor and food sharing. Without division of labor, tasks would be more difficult to master. In modern humans, women mainly forage, looking for plants and nuts meanwhile men mainly hunt. Food sharing and resource exchange is essential for human groups to survive. Men commonly share their resource findings with women and children. Modern humans highly rely on meats, gathered foods are Intermediate variance and garden foods are a low variance but they are certain to obtain. Chimpanzees are modern humans closest living relatives. Chimpanzees move quadrupled, they walk on both their fore limbs and their hind limbs, they are primarily knuckle walkers, due to the fact that their arms are much longer than their legs. They can also travel efficiently by fabricating through trees and branches. They also can walk bipedal for a short mount of time while carrying objects with their hands. Chimpanzee dental patterns are the same as modern human. Both have 2 Incisors, 1 canine, 2 premolars, and 3 human canines are similar size as rest of teeth and are in the row of teeth. Canine teeth are determined by sexual dimorphism meanwhile in humans it’s quite the same for both sexes. Chimpanzees have very thin tooth enamel and humans have thick tooth enamel. Chimpanzee hands are quite similar to those of humans. Both human and chimps hands include five digits, fingernails, friction ridges and opposable thumbs. Chimpanzee and human feet differ greatly. Chimpanzee toes are quite long. They have an opposable thumb which they can grab objects with. Meanwhile humans have much short toes, they do not have an opposable thumb, and toes are all aligned. Chimpanzees are Just as social as modern humans! Their social interactions are essential for the learning of the young. Chimpanzees live in small tight communities and are close to their relatives. Humans are very social! We interact with many of the other people we come in contact with. We each have our own little communities and we are close to our relatives. We learn from one another and without each other we do not learn. Fossil records have shown the evolution of humans from ancestors. Even though there are still many questions, it is undeniable that we have common ancestors with modern apes. Through fossil records, we have seen how slowly sexual dimorphism has decreased. We have also seen how quadruped primates evolved into walking bipedal about 6 million years ago. The first species I consider a human is Homo erects. Homo erects has many similar features as modern humans. Homo erects had a much more modern human lifestyle. This species showed a reduction of sexual dimorphism, it is thought that this caused less male-to-male competition. Homo erects had a larger body size compared to past ancestors. This species also had a very large brain compared to past ancestors; their cranial capacity was around coca to coca. Homo Erects infants were extremely dependent on parental care and had a rapid growth after birth and a slow maturation rate. Homo erects had a high reliance on hunting meat and had a high reliance on complex tools. It is thought that Homo erects might have also been able to control and use fire. All these traits are similar to modern humans and that is why I believe that Homo erects should be considered humans. Even though individually define what a human is to us. I believe that modern humans are a part of the animal kingdom as much as any other animal is. We share similar traits with many primates especially with our closest cousin the chimpanzees. I believe that Homo erects should be considered as humans, because we share many similar traits. From Homo Erects to chimpanzees to humans we all have very alike characteristics and we all are related in one way or another. How to cite Anthropology, Papers Anthropology Free Essays Cultural anthropologists investigate the culture and social organization of a particular group of people, colonization, traditions, and gender relations. 3. Linguistic Anthropology-Linguistic is a science of language. We will write a custom essay sample on Anthropology or any similar topic only for you Order Now Linguistic anthropology studies the process of human communication. It examines the relationship between language and other aspects of culture like ethnicity, social status and colonization. 4. Archeology-field of anthropology that examines the distribution and form of artifacts, and the cultural patterns or movement of ancient life. It aims to reconstruct man’s past behavior by studying sills and artifacts. Franz Boas-Father of American Anthropology. Early Beginnings of Culture and Society The present modern human being had evolved through natural mutation, normal variation, and natural selection. The evolution Is characterized by developments which occurred six million years or more ago, during the successive divisions of tertiary period. The period has five epochs: 1 . Pliocene-also known as â€Å"early recent† lasted around 65 million years ago. Marked by demise of dinosaurs, as well as existence of pre-primates like femur. . Eocene-lasted 30-45 million years ago. It is marked by warm tropical climates, along with the appearance of the order of mammals and provision-Like primates. Anthropoids appeared during this period. 3. Occurred like the appearance of elephants with trunks and early horses. 4. Miocene- lasted around 23 million years ago. Its landscape is marked by the development of two majo r ecosystems: kelp forest and grasslands. 5. Pliocene-lasted 5 million years ago. Characterized by cooling and drying of the global environment. These changes led to the further spread of grasslands and growth of savannas. Social Solidarity-members live and work together for mutual benefit. 2. National or Cultural Identity-members of society share a common culture which enables them to follow patterns of action for harmonious existence with others. 3. Language-members use common language to communicate with one another. 4. Hierarchical Resynchronization is an economic, social and industrial organization. 5. Large membership-it’s the largest social unit. Types of Society 1 . Hunting, fishing and gathering-earliest form of human society. People survived by researching gathering food and by small game of hunting wild animals. The division of labor was based on sex. The males were the hunters and the females participated in the shore fishing and gathering and preserving food. Woman likewise, were tasked with child care. 2. Horticultural Society-existed years ago. During these times, people began to plant and cultivate crops rather than Just harvest whatever nature provided them. 3. Pastoral Society-Depends on herding and domestication of animals for food and clothing. Animals provide milk, fuel, sheared fur and even blood. . Agricultural Society-existed about 5,000-6,000 years ago. The agricultural society is characterized by the use of plow and irrigation in production. Because of this, men became capable of producing huge surpluses. 5. Industrial Society-substitution from human and animal labor to mechanical, electrical, and fossil-fuel energy. 6. Post-industrial Society-depends on special knowledge to bring about co ntinuing progress in technology. The spread of computer industries is one of the characteristics of this society. Colombo, Millers P. Leans, Teresa C. Mere, Alicia T. Villain How to cite Anthropology, Papers

yasin Essays - National Accounts, Economic Indicators,

A government has economic,social and financial duties which are determined by constitution. Government needs to have income from various resources (taxes, borrowings, social security instutions, properties,etc.) to be carried out these duties. Using of the income for government needs is called government expenditures. In this essay, I want to explain the using aims of government expenditures. These expenditures can be classified into three types: consumption, financial aid and government investment. The first type is using of government expenditures for consumption. These consumptions are wages, salaries, payments, office tools, renting the building, etc. Consumption expenditures have a big role on countries? budgets. They affect countries? economy directly. For instance, government buys goods and services in return for the consumption expenditures which government did. Consequently, new income movements form and national income increases. The second type; financial aids are expenditures done complimentary. These expenditures are interest of government debts, social payments and payments given to pensioners, war veterans and soldiers. In return for these expenditures, the government does not buy goods and services.Therefore, new income movements does not form. On the contrary to consumption expenditures, financial aids has not a direct impact on national income. However, they cause a change between rich and poor people in purchasing power. The last type; government investments provide capital to economy and create production capacity. They cause an increase in national income. These are roads, bridges, machines, factories,etc. Government investments are very essential to prevent an economic crisis and uneyployment. Briefly, while a government is determining consumption, financial aid and government investment, it must pay attention it?s countries provisions because these expenditures have a big role on improvement and growth in economy.

Adidas Strengths Essays

Adidas Strengths Essays Adidas Strengths Paper Adidas Strengths Paper Strengths -Strong success in Europe -High-performance products -Recent selling of subsidiary â€Å"dog† SalomonWeaknesses -American athletes endorsed by adidas are not as popular as Nike’s -Nike gaining ground on European soccer market -Public dissent over use of sweatshops Opportunities -Acquisition of Reebok -Growing strength in golf industry through TaylorMade and recent acquisition of Maxfli -Growing revenue from opening of own retail storesThreats -Foreign exchange rates will result in loss of actual profits As mentioned on their website adidas has been a leader in Europe for years and have been able to become comfortable there. Another strength is that adidas-Salomon produces high-performance shoes. They have been able to attract hardcore athletes as customers due to efficiently made shoes (adidas. com). adidas recently announced that it will be selling its Salomon brand to Amer Sports Corporation for $624 million. Salomon was originally acquired by the adidas Group in 1997 when it paid $1. 4 billion for Salomon and its subsidiaries, including golf brand TaylorMade and cycling brand Mavic. The sale will include the brands and subsidiaries Salomon, Mavic, Bonfire, Arc’Teryk, and Cliche. Herbert Hainer, adidas-Salomon Chairman and CEO, stated that â€Å"Salomon has been a great member of our group. However, we have decided that now is the time to focus even more on our core strength in the athletic footwear and apparel market as well as the growing golf category† (Bloomberg). This move will allow adidas to rid itself of the recently slumping Salomon brand, which posted a 1 percent drop in revenue along with a 74 percent drop in operating profit in 2004. The sharp decrease in operating profit is due to recent restructuring that reduced French production of Salomon products from 55 to 35 percent with new production aking place in Romania and China. News of the sale spiked adidas’ shares up 9. 2 percent, reaching its highest point in six years, while Amer Sports shares gained 7. 6 percent. A major weakness of the adidas brand is that they are currently third in the American market for athletic footwear sales. Another weakness is adidas’ recent fall in the soccer shoe market. Nike took over first place in the European soccer shoe market with its success of the Air Zoom Total 90. adidas’ final weakness that must be mentioned is their use of sweatshops. There were allegations of inhumane conditions in adidas’ Asian factories in 2000. However, adidas-Salomon maintained that they were trying to fix the conditions. adidas has a huge opportunity on its horizon. The acquisition of Reebok should allow adidas to have greater access to the American market, where Reebok is currently second in the athletic footwear industry. Another opportunity for adidas-Salomon is the possible expansion of their TaylorMade brand. Although adidas is currently selling the Salomon brand for nearly half of what it paid for it in 1997, the deal does not include the golf brand TaylorMade. TaylorMade-adidas golf has a strong hold on the golf industry and was ranked as the number one driver on the United States and European PGA tours (adidas-Salomon. com). TaylorMade holds 7. 5 percent of the market share for golf balls and adidas increased its opportunities in 2002 by acquiring golf-ball maker Maxfli from the Dunlop Slazenger Group. Finally, adidas can expect to see revenue increases due to their newly implemented and recently successful own-retail activities. These include concept stores, factory outlets, Internet sales, and parts of Asian markets.

How to Get Job Offers †Not Just Interviews †With Your LinkedIn Profile

How to Get Job Offers – Not Just Interviews – With Your LinkedIn Profile Is Your LinkedIn Profile Getting You Job OFFERS? Last week, I spoke with a technology executive about working with us on his LinkedIn profile and resume. Upon investigation, I discovered that he was getting interviews for positions that interested him- but not job offers. At first glance, it might seem like the problem was his interviewing skills. After all, isn’t the job of the LinkedIn profile and resume to get an interview, and after that it’s up to you? Well, that’s partially true, and it’s certainly possible that this client could use some interview coaching. But a freaky fact of human nature suggests that something else could be at play. It’s called â€Å"impression formation† or â€Å"priming,† and it’s not to be overlooked or taken lightly. Do you think that if you’re getting interviews with your LinkedIn profile and resume you don’t have to worry about whether you need to change them? You might be wrong. A study of students’ perceptions of their professors, and how these perceptions can be formed, is a case in point. Consider these excerpts that illustrate how much our preconceived notions affect our experience of another person: †¦[I]n one of the earliest studies on impression formation, Kelley (1950) found that when students were told a guest lecturer was â€Å"very warm†, the central trait produced more favorable evaluations of the instructor than when students were told the guest lecturer was â€Å"rather cold†. In a more recent replication and extension of Kelley’s experiment, Widmeyer and Loy (1988) had students evaluate a lecture presented by a visiting professor. Prior to the lecture, students received background information about the instructor; some received information suggesting that the visiting professor was warm while others were presented with information that suggested the professor was cold. Analyses revealed that students perceived the visiting professor as a more effective teacher and more pleasant to have for class when he was described as a warm rather than a cold person. †¦Those who read the syllabus written in an unfriendly tone rated the hypothetical adjunct candidate as being colder than those who read the syllabus written in a friendly tone. †¦Those who received the syllabus written in a friendly tone rated the target as being warmer than those who read the syllabus that was written in an unfriendly tone. †¦Those who read the syllabus written in a friendly tone rated the instructor as being more motivated to teach the course. Harnish, Richard J. and K. Robert Bridges, Effect of syllabus tone: students’ perceptions of instructor and course Did you read that?!! Wow. Extrapolating to interviews, if the interviewer has a preconceived notion of the candidate as warm or friendly, it’s more likely he or she will experience the candidate as warm, and even as more motivated, in the interview! Conversely, if the interviewer thinks ahead of time that the candidate will be cold, it’s unlikely that the interview itself will change this impression. Interviewers Make Unconscious Conclusions You might be thinking, â€Å"But these were students being studied. They are young and impressionable! Surely an interviewer, who has more maturity and experience, would not be swayed as much by past judgments.† I’m afraid that’s not the case. In 2008 study, Williams and Bargh staged job interviews with study participants and found that if interviewers drank hot coffee before the interview, they would perceive the candidate as warm. Iced coffee? You guessed it. Cold candidate. Interviewers’ perceptions were also influenced, disturbingly, by the comfort of their seats and the weight of their notetaking folders. There are many conclusions that can be drawn from these studies, from â€Å"Make sure you have a warm hand when you shake hands with your interviewer† to â€Å"Don’t hire candidates based on interviews since your unconscious mind is ruling the decision. Use psychological testing instead.† The conclusion I want to draw, however, is about your LinkedIn profile. And maybe your resume too. Conveying Warmth with Your LinkedIn Profile and Resume You have a huge opportunity in your LinkedIn profile and resume to prime the pump for your job interview. People respond to warmth. So look for ways to appear warm! Show some of your personality in addition to showcasing your accomplishments. Even if you’re not as warm in person as you are in your job marketing collateral, chances are you’ll be seen as warmer than someone who doesn’t communicate warmth in their LinkedIn profile and resume. Here are some examples from profiles written by The Essay Expert. Note that while we generally encourage first person for LinkedIn summaries, warmth can come through in the third person as well. Also note that your photo is a huge way to convey warmth! LeeAnn Dance: My journalism background gave me the ability to distill a large amount of material and hone in on what’s true and important. I can pinpoint the real message that needs to be conveyed, creating a human story that moves and inspires an audience. Ted Schoonmaker: Ted knows that people hire people, not resumes. Companies are not just looking for a set of qualifications that match a job description. To ensure a complete match, Ted extensively interviews both companies and candidates to find out who they are and what they are looking for – as companies and as people. Ted is most fulfilled when helping people to grow professionally. His vision and ability to nurture relationships lead to long-term solutions and success. How warm are you in your LinkedIn profile and resume? Are you priming readers to perceive you the way you want to be seen? If not, consider a rewrite. If you want assistance, please consider our LinkedIn Profile Writing Services and Resume Writing Services. We’ll make sure you look great- and warm- online and on paper. Want to do it yourself? Don’t miss the latest version of How to Write a KILLER LinkedIn Profile. The e-book is fully updated for 2018 and available now!

International Tourism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

International Tourism - Essay Example Natural and cultural resources are viewed as exploitable resources while the industry is viewed as an expert, and development is defined in business terms. The problem in planning sets in with the number of tourists attracted and accommodated. This problem affects the hosts since they have to overcome the problem since they have to be good to the tourists. In this model of planning, planning and demand forecasting methods include; advertising, growth targets, and promotion. According to the policy of boosterism, the chief perceived conclusion is that tourist attractions have developmental benefits, which exceeds the cost. Therefore, the policies target at spending on advertisement and marketing research of tourism. Most countries apply the policy of boosterism in an attempt to promote developments of the tourism industry. These countries focus on approaches that focus on stimulating the demand of tourism. Through the stimulation of tourism demand, the number of tourists increases rem arkably. Boosterism is still adopted in most cases since it focuses on promoting tourism, which is beneficial to the host countries. It is through tourism that several employment opportunities are created to the host country. For instance, through tourism, job opportunities for individuals with little experiences are made available. Also, through tourism, certain lucrative job opportunities exist. For instance, professional athletes, entertainers, gaming and hotel managers, chefs, tourism development engineers, and directors of sporting facilities. It is through boosterism that sectors dealing with marketing and research utilize their knowledge and skills since the policy makers have to focus on marketing of tourism and the gathered research, in attracting tourists and developing tourism. Boosterism is adopted in most cases since through its application of policies that enhance tourism demand; it leads to income growth of the host nation. This is realised through the increased numbe r of tourists visiting the host country, who buy services leaving behind foreign currency. One of the objectives of governments is to promote sustainable economic and social developments. However, with the emerging politico-administrative regimes, government work in providing basic infrastructural services and security. Economic developments now depend on the private investors, who have different levels of regulations. Because of this emerging focus, private investors have developed urban cities resulting from the development of technology. Different urban centres have developed emanating from the technology. Globalization has made competition in investment among urban centres be lively. Urban centres have been the main focus of technological developments, for instance, urban centres are well connected with the internet than the urban areas. This has simplified the marketing of cities over the globe, which promotes boosterism. The marketing of the urban cities has been simplified si nce countries can market their cities through the internet in the most economical and fast way. Hence, with the growth of technology, boosterism has been made convenient, fast and effective, which has made countries use the approach. The approach is convenient since a large number of individuals can be reached with the use of the prevailing technology. It is fast since with the

Letter from a Birmingham Jail Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Letter from a Birmingham Jail - Essay Example King gave bits and pieces of the letter to his attorneys to take back to movement’s head office, where Reverend Walker started putting together and editing the legendary jigsaw puzzle. Martin Luther King's letter is a statement put out by eight white Birmingham clergymen on April 12, 1963, known as "A Call for Unity". King composed this letter in reply to that statement. The clergymen concurred that social unfairness existed in the United States, but argued that the fight against racial discrimination should be fought only in the courts, and not in the streets. The clergymen condemned Martin Luther King, referring to King as an interloper who creates problems in the streets of Birmingham. In reply to this, Martin Luther King referred to his principle that all states, as well as communities, were interconnected. King wrote that injustice in any place is a threat to justice in every place. People are caught in an unavoidable system of mutuality, tied in one garment of fortune. A ccording to King, whatever concerns a person directly, concerns everybody indirectly. He said this to prove to the clergymen that anybody who resides inside the United States cannot be taken as an outsider. Martin Luther wanted to show his regrets about the protests that were taking place in Birmingham. He, however, felt that the African American people had no choice but to protest due to the way they were being oppressed by the whites. The clergymen, nevertheless, condemned the massive tension caused by the protests. In reply to this, Martin Luther King affirmed that he plus his fellow protestors were using peaceful actions so as to create tension that would put pressure on the wider society to face the matter head on. The protestors hoped to cause tension (King, 462). They hoped to create a non-violent tension that would lead to the development. This is as written down in King’s letter. King wanted to inform the clergymen that without peaceful forceful actions, proper civil rights could never be attained. The clergymen also condemned the timing of the protests. King, however, wanted to show the clergymen that they had waited long enough for these God given rights. Opposing the clergymen’s statement that the protest was against the law, King argued that not only was civil defiance justified in the face of undeserved laws but that everybody has a moral task of disobeying unfair laws. Luther’s letter contains the famous statement that stated inequality at any situation is a threat to impartiality everywhere (King, 462). Some of the various topics that King was trying to convey are: direct actions, civil rights as well as discrimination. According to King, direct action is a just form of political activism which seeks to remedy political, social as well as economic ills. Direct action is often urgent and challenging. It can contain such activities as workplace occupations, strikes, sit-ins, guerrilla warfare, and demonstrations among others (King, 462). Direct actions are sometimes a form of civil defiance and can contain illegal actions, but it is for the good of a society. King also wanted to show to people that racial discrimination is an ill-mannered culture and that everybody deserved to be treated equally. Finally, Martin Luther King was against deprivation of civil rights to the American citizens especially the African Ameri

Management Information System In Toyota Management Essay

Management Information System In Toyota Management Essay Toyota has established new areas for development through innovations made in their management information systems assigned for shipment. The company is functioning all over the world with clients and global leaders to enhance the process of shipment. To attain this, Toyota looked to analyze present shipment systems utilizing their clients as well as data from other organizations. Pursuing these enhancements to shipment systems was a tremendous development area for Toyota, since they were able to improve their client base and the needs of present clients. The usage of management information systems and networking were critical to aiding the company to attain success in enhancing its shipment systems Not only do the MIS systems of Toyota enable the gathering of huge amounts of business information, but they also offer a significant time saving advantage to the employees. Where in the past business data of Toyota had to be manually analyzed for documentation and analysis it can now be keyed in immediately and comfortably onto a computer by a data processor, enabling quicker decision making and more immediate reflexes for the company in its entirety. . To attain effective MIS, Toyotas planning procedure involves taking into account the MIS needs at the strategic levels. For instance, at the strategic stage MIS systems and reports of Toyota helps the yearly operating scheme and budgetary procedures of the company. They are also utilized in support of the future strategic MIS and business preparation activities. Without the establishment of an efficient MIS, it will be difficult for Toyota to evaluate and check the effectiveness of new activities and the development of current programs. Two basic instances of this would be the handling of mergers and partnerships or the consistent progress and the integration of new products and services. Introduction The business setting is characterized by intense competition. As a result, organizations have to provide clients with effective and dependable service. If they fail to do so, clients will transfer to more client efficient organizations. In addition, as organizations increase in size, it becomes more difficult to monitor the increasing level of client data. If an organization does a terrible job of managing and maintaining client accounts and information, it can lead to issues for both the organization and the client. This essay will concentrate on Toyota, and the way the company enhanced its customer service and minimized expenses by enhancing its management information system (MIS). References used involved business articles and websites with facts and discussion on Toyota. Defining of Concept: Management Information System (MIS) A management information system (MIS) pertains to a subcategory of the total inner controls of an organization encompassing the application of individuals, information, technologies, and processes by accountants to resolve business issues like putting a value on a commodity, service or a business plan. Management information systems are different from ordinary information systems in that they are utilized to study other information systems used in functional tasks in the company. Academically, MIS is normally utilized to pertain to the cluster of information management processes connected to the automation or assistance of individual decision making (Clarke, 2007). At the beginning, in companies and other firms, internal documentation was done manually and only quarterly, as an output of the accounting system and with some extra figures, and provided limited and disrupted the data on management performance. In the past, information had to be isolated individually by the people as per the need and policy of the company. Eventually, data and information was differentiated and rather than the gathering of mass of information, significant and accurate information that was needed by the company was the only one saved (Laudon, 2007). In their early years of existence, company computers were utilized for the logical business of calculating the payroll and monitoring the accounts payable and receivable. As programs were created that offered leaders with data regarding sales, stocks, and other information that would aid in controlling the company, the word MIS emerged to pertain to these types of companies (Cleland, 2006). At present, MIS is utilized widely in various subjects and involves: decision support systems, workforce control programs, project management and database storage programs. The establishment and maintenance of information technology tools helps leaders and the employees in undertaking any activities connected to the analysis of data. MIS and business systems are particularly helpful in the gathering of business information and the generation of reports to be utilized as tools for making choices. SECTION 1 1.1. Company Overview: Toyota Motor Corporation The Toyota Motor Company is one of the biggest car manufacturers in the globe. Toyota has established a reputation as both an engine producer and the manufacturer of luxury vehicles. While the organizations headquarters are still situated in Japan, it has several manufacturing facilities all over the globe and sales departments in various nations where the vehicles are transported (Toyota Motor Corporation Global Site, 2010). Toyota has a distinct business structure and the manner it pursues the vehicle manufacturing with its effective quality standards which developed the industry. Toyotas just-in-time supply-chain idea has turned into a standard for car companies all over the globe. The Toyota Production System (TPS) calls for the finished vehicle to be pulled through the production system (Toyota Production System Global Site: TPS, 2010). By concentrating on smaller manufacturing lots and generating only what clients need when they demand it, Toyota has established a versatility and responsiveness that keeps on becoming the guideline for the industry. Due to its concentration to consistent development, Toyota has obtained die-changeover and machine-set periods that are way ahead of its rivals. Therefore its capability for responding immediately to new market developments makes TPS an effective system in the present days quickly developing world business setting. Toyota understands that it is necessary in guaranteeing quality management and the provision of dependable products to clients (Liker, 2005). The primary advantage of Toyotas management information systems is their capability to merge their corporate objectives all over the world by utilizing their systems properly. For instance, Toyota connects to its clients in various sectors by utilizing various Internet based web systems for various global regions (Hino, 2005). Even though there are numerous Internet sites and networks for each of the global continents, the management information systems all connect back to a global Internet site. 1.2. MIS of Toyota Toyota Comprehensive Warehouse Management System (Toyota WMS) These management information systems offer effective management for warehouses of the whole procedure from the period products are obtained, to storage and location control, to shipment. Individuals, products, and data are addressed, wastes are removed, and everyday enhancements are advocated. The Toyota WMS are tasked to offer an important function in generating comprehensive reports out of huge volumes of warehouse information that would otherwise be primarily considered as junk to decision makers. By analyzing these outputs warehouse management officers of Toyota can determine patterns and trends that would have stayed invisible if the raw information were consulted in manual terms (Toyota Comprehensive Warehouse Management System, 2010). Jidoka If any issue emerges at any point of the manufacturing process, Toyotas error identification system, or Jidoka, determines the problem and allows line workers to make the important measures to resolve it immediately even if that implies stopping the manufacturing process (Toyota Motor Corporation Global Site: Jidoka, 2010). By determining the equipment where the problem initially happened, this management information system makes it more comfortable to determine the cause of the issue and stops defects from developing to the succeeding phases of production. 1.2.3. Hybrid Synergy Drive (HSD) The Toyota HSD is an innovation to a traditional geared transmission with an electromechanical transmission. Since a car engine provides power effectively only over a limited range of speeds, the crankshaft of the engine is normally connected to a geared transmission by a clutch that enables the person driving to vary the speed that can be produced by the engine to the speed necessary to make the car move (Miller, 2004). The mixture of excellent vehicle design, effective brake systems, electrical energy storage and effective engine design provide the HSD enabled vehicle with critical efficiency benefits. The intense rivalry in the automobile industry with huge penetration and exit expenses has resulted to Toyota in searching for a competitive advantage in their management information systems (Fujimoto, 2001). As the car industry has been affected by huge fuel and crude oil expenses, Toyota has come up with a computerized engine system that tracks engine efficiency and makes power utilization in the car as productive as it can be. 1.2.4. Andons Toyota utilizes management information systems that employ visual controls to immediately convey the status of production. On the production area, for instance, management information systems help inform a worker with a single glance whether the station is operating properly, whether there is something wrong being checked or whether the production has been halted. Management information systems also give critical data like which machine did not operate, the operator and the real time situations when it malfunctioned (Magee, 2007). 1.2.5. PokaYoke Toyota utilizes a variety of these affordable, highly dependable management information systems throughout its production process to stop defects. While computers of Toyota cannot establish business plans by themselves, they surely have helped the management in knowing the impacts of their plans, and aid in the process of effective decision-making (Morgan, 2006). The PokaYoke are tasked to convert information into data helpful for decision making. SECTION 2 Application of MIS in Toyota 2.1. MIS across Departments 2.1.1. Operations The operations of Toyota have been impacted by tremendous developments in technology. Because of this, manufacturing operations within the company have significantly improved. For instance, vehicles and car parts are transported ahead of time, and this prevents large amounts of money from being utilized for storing activities (Fujimoto, 2001). The Toyota Comprehensive Warehouse Management System offers remedies for the organization concerning car and process structuring and planning for the smooth flow of operations. The Toyota Comprehensive Warehouse Management System aids the organization with regard to the enhancement of the operational procedures (Toyota Comprehensive Warehouse Management System, 2010). The smooth flow of operations is accomplished within Toyota through the Toyota Comprehensive Warehouse Management System, where the structuring of each car model and warehousing processes from the prototyping level to the production phase is attained in one structure (Shingo, 1989). This limits unnecessary repetition of processes and the need for interfaces as data is secured in a centralized system. Excellent coordination with suppliers offers great opportunities for more efficient product development with suppliers via the Internet. Productivity and efficiency in the operations within Toyota is accomplished through the Model-mix structuring and the excellent planning aspects of this MIS. Model-mix structuring allows Toyota to enhance the operational procedures that are important for the organization (Ineak, 2009). The excellent planning options enable effective processing of assembly and parts of make-to-order deals. SAP gathers specialized production orders from Toyotas planning system. The orders include the car parts essential to assemble each car; some Toyota cars, for example, have plenty of components detailed in the list. SAP generates the shipment schedules for each part to match Toyotas assembly-line procedures (SAP, 2007). Toyota delivers these detailed information and precise shipment schedules to its suppliers. The significant suppliers obtain the information through electronic data interchange. Other providers log on to the Toyota online portal, where the company details the provisions to provide the updates on its shipment activities (Hino, 2005). By going to the website of Toyota, suppliers can monitor this information in real time, including release schedules, receipts, and other important information. When they deliver car parts, the suppliers send Toyota shipment details to give them with the latest information in this matter. Car parts going inside the Toyota storage facilities are then obtained and delivered quickly to the line. There, Toyota uses its Jidoka to monitor the assembly process in real time. Jidoka tracks the production verification and consumption information consistently. Parts utilized in the production are removed from the stock list, and costs are presented to detail the value of work in process (Toyota Motor Corporation Global Site, Jidoka, 2010). Customer desires for various Toyota cars warranted a solution that would properly improve and help organize production. These MIS help the organization to reduce order-to shipment period, enhances its supply chain activities with regard to demand analysis and tracking of deliveries, and improves inventory activities all over its establishmentsà ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬ enabling Toyota to significantly reduce time to customer for its excellent vehicles. 2.1.2. Finance In 2003, Toyota started to implement SAP software system which also provides financial information to the finance department of the company and its concerned personnel. The people of the finance department of Toyota analyzes previous and current financial figures, anticipates future financial outputs, and checks and handles the utilization of capital over time by making use of the information generated by SAP (SAP, 2005). The SAP provides options that enable sales and pricing of cars through configuration and monitoring of available parts. Vehicle customization and pricing via the Internet enhanced car sales of Toyota by offering customers with the choice of designing their vehicles. Once the vehicle is designed, the SAP will determine the worth of the vehicles based on the design. Vehicle search enables Toyota to locate vehicles that address the specific designs, accomplishing faster delivery to customers (Hoseus, 2008). 2.1.3. Marketing The SAP helps the marketing operations of the organization with regard to product development, pricing activities, marketing, and sales forecasts. Just like other important company operations, Toyota relies on external sources of data. These sources entail the opinion or feedback of customers. (SAP, 2007) 2.2. Decision Making at the Three Tiers of Management 2.2.1. Operational Level Systems To transform the operational level decision making within Toyota very fundamental and productive, the MIS of Toyota aids in providing and sending reliable information to all executors. The Toyota Comprehensive Warehouse Management System is established to enhance the reporting of information that will be important in the proper decision making within the operational level of Toyota. Furthermore, the SAP is able to effectively collect and process data, process results, and able to adjust, cope and address inaccuracies right away. (SAP, 2007) 2.2.2. Management Level Systems The Toyota Comprehensive Warehouse Management System has effective internal controls that aid in the management level decision making tasks in Toyota. Information is collected through efficient processing and inner control tracking. An effective internal and outer audit process is utilized within Toyota through the MIS (Magee, 2007). 2.2.3. Strategic Level Systems To have a productive and efficient strategic level decision making, important data within Toyota is processed and handled properly through its Material Handling System. Differences in the way information is collected and documented can change information and trend studies. Also, because data collection and documentation activities will eventually change through time, Toyota management has established flexible methods to allow systems developments through the MIS. These procedures are always well structured, properly informed to employees and has a tracking system that helps in the strategic level decision making of Toyota (Toyota Material Handling USA, 2010). 2.3. Managing Business Processes The integration of various MIS within Toyota is the effect of the integration of system management. The employees and leaders of the company are the users of the MIS who know the present customer demands and also have the capacity to plan the funds for new initiatives. In order to control its business procedures properly, Toyota has persevered in managing ownership that promotes effectiveness in its business processes and helps ensure being responsible. Even though the MIS does not reduce expense altogether, the integration of this essential system, and its properly utilization reduces the periods that wrong decisions in company procedures are accomplished because of inaccurate information (Morgan, 2006). Terrible company decisions simply misuse precious assets. This may result in a negative effect on revenues and/or budget. Conclusion The MIS of Toyota has been proven to provide a great deal of advantages to its various business units. Toyota strives hard to keep discovering new methods to utilize their MIS to accomplish their business goals. While the management information systems of Toyota are totally helpful in producing statistical documents and information analysis they are also utilized as a tool where the leaders and employees of the company agree upon a set of goals for the employees to try to accomplish within a specific time frame. Goals are established utilizing the SMART standard: that is, goals have to be Specific, Measurable, Attainable, Realistic and Time-Specific. The target of these goals is to offer a set of performance standards by which Toyota can compare the output of a worker or program. The effectiveness of any goal in Toyota relies upon the consistent monitoring of developments. In monitoring this performance it is tremendously helpful for Toyota to make use of its management information systems. Because all goals must be quantifiable they can be monitored through the establishment of management documents to be studied by the leaders of Toyota (Magee 2007). Each market dominant company will have a minimum of one major competency à ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬ that is, a task or operation they do better than their rivals. In the case of Toyota, by establishing a formidable management information system it became possible for the company to move ahead of its rival companies. The MIS systems of Toyota offer the tools essential to obtain a better knowledge of the market as well as an improved knowledge of the company itself. The establishment of effective MIS in Toyota is the consequence of the implementation of an environment of system ownership. The owner is a system user who understands the present clients and their necessities and also has the capability to finance new programs. Establishing ownership builds confidence in corporate procedures and aids in guaranteeing responsibility. Even though the MIS of Toyota does not completely minimize costs, the establishment of important systems, and their effective usage, will reduce the chances that erratic choices will be done due to unreliable data. Only a management information system that is versatile and effective could undertake such activities economically possible. This management information system not only aids in removing waste, which makes it more friendly to the environment, it also implies that clients can be guaranteed that Toyota cars will adhere to the best standards of quality, dependability and innovation.